Stack guard page is a useful feature to reduce a risk of stack smashing
into a different mapping. We have been using a single page gap which
is sufficient to prevent having stack adjacent to a different mapping.
But this seems to be insufficient in the light of the stack usage in
userspace. E.g. glibc uses as large as 64kB alloca() in many commonly
used functions. Others use constructs liks gid_t buffer[NGROUPS_MAX]
which is 256kB or stack strings with MAX_ARG_STRLEN.

This will become especially dangerous for suid binaries and the default
no limit for the stack size limit because those applications can be
tricked to consume a large portion of the stack and a single glibc call
could jump over the guard page. These attacks are not theoretical,
unfortunatelly.

Make those attacks less probable by increasing the stack guard gap
to 1MB (on systems with 4k pages; but make it depend on the page size
because systems with larger base pages might cap stack allocations in
the PAGE_SIZE units) which should cover larger alloca() and VLA stack
allocations. It is obviously not a full fix because the problem is
somehow inherent, but it should reduce attack space a lot.

One could argue that the gap size should be configurable from userspace,
but that can be done later when somebody finds that the new 1MB is wrong
for some special case applications.  For now, add a kernel command line
option (stack_guard_gap) to specify the stack gap size (in page units).

Implementation wise, first delete all the old code for stack guard page:
because although we could get away with accounting one extra page in a
stack vma, accounting a larger gap can break userspace - case in point,
a program run with "ulimit -S -v 20000" failed when the 1MB gap was
counted for RLIMIT_AS; similar problems could come with RLIMIT_MLOCK
and strict non-overcommit mode.

Instead of keeping gap inside the stack vma, maintain the stack guard
gap as a gap between vmas: using vm_start_gap() in place of vm_start
(or vm_end_gap() in place of vm_end if VM_GROWSUP) in just those few
places which need to respect the gap - mainly arch_get_unmapped_area(),
and and the vma tree's subtree_gap support for that.

Original-patch-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Original-patch-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull Kbuild UAPI updates from Masahiro Yamada:
 "Improvement of headers_install by Nicolas Dichtel.

  It has been long since the introduction of uapi directories, but the
  de-coupling of exported headers has not been completed. Headers listed
  in header-y are exported whether they exist in uapi directories or
  not. His work fixes this inconsistency.

  All (and only) headers under uapi directories are now exported. The
  asm-generic wrappers are still exceptions, but this is a big step
  forward"

* tag 'kbuild-uapi-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  arch/include: remove empty Kbuild files
  uapi: export all arch specifics directories
  uapi: export all headers under uapi directories
  smc_diag.h: fix include from userland
  btrfs_tree.h: fix include from userland
  uapi: includes linux/types.h before exporting files
  Makefile.headersinst: remove destination-y option
  Makefile.headersinst: cleanup input files
  x86: stop exporting msr-index.h to userland
  nios2: put setup.h in uapi
  h8300: put bitsperlong.h in uapi

Pull misc Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - clean up builddeb script

 - use full path for KBUILD_IMAGE to fix rpm-pkg build

 - fix objdiff tool to ignore debug info

* tag 'kbuild-misc-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  builddeb: fix typo
  builddeb: Update a few outdated and hardcoded strings
  deb-pkg: Remove the KBUILD_IMAGE workaround
  unicore32: Use full path in KBUILD_IMAGE definition
  sh: Use full path in KBUILD_IMAGE definition
  arc: Use full path in KBUILD_IMAGE definition
  arm: Use full path in KBUILD_IMAGE definition
  arm64: Use full path in KBUILD_IMAGE definition
  scripts: objdiff: Ignore debug info when comparing

Regularly, when a new header is created in include/uapi/, the developer
forgets to add it in the corresponding Kbuild file. This error is usually
detected after the release is out.

In fact, all headers under uapi directories should be exported, thus it's
useless to have an exhaustive list.

After this patch, the following files, which were not exported, are now
exported (with make headers_install_all):
asm-arc/kvm_para.h
asm-arc/ucontext.h
asm-blackfin/shmparam.h
asm-blackfin/ucontext.h
asm-c6x/shmparam.h
asm-c6x/ucontext.h
asm-cris/kvm_para.h
asm-h8300/shmparam.h
asm-h8300/ucontext.h
asm-hexagon/shmparam.h
asm-m32r/kvm_para.h
asm-m68k/kvm_para.h
asm-m68k/shmparam.h
asm-metag/kvm_para.h
asm-metag/shmparam.h
asm-metag/ucontext.h
asm-mips/hwcap.h
asm-mips/reg.h
asm-mips/ucontext.h
asm-nios2/kvm_para.h
asm-nios2/ucontext.h
asm-openrisc/shmparam.h
asm-parisc/kvm_para.h
asm-powerpc/perf_regs.h
asm-sh/kvm_para.h
asm-sh/ucontext.h
asm-tile/shmparam.h
asm-unicore32/shmparam.h
asm-unicore32/ucontext.h
asm-x86/hwcap2.h
asm-xtensa/kvm_para.h
drm/armada_drm.h
drm/etnaviv_drm.h
drm/vgem_drm.h
linux/aspeed-lpc-ctrl.h
linux/auto_dev-ioctl.h
linux/bcache.h
linux/btrfs_tree.h
linux/can/vxcan.h
linux/cifs/cifs_mount.h
linux/coresight-stm.h
linux/cryptouser.h
linux/fsmap.h
linux/genwqe/genwqe_card.h
linux/hash_info.h
linux/kcm.h
linux/kcov.h
linux/kfd_ioctl.h
linux/lightnvm.h
linux/module.h
linux/nbd-netlink.h
linux/nilfs2_api.h
linux/nilfs2_ondisk.h
linux/nsfs.h
linux/pr.h
linux/qrtr.h
linux/rpmsg.h
linux/sched/types.h
linux/sed-opal.h
linux/smc.h
linux/smc_diag.h
linux/stm.h
linux/switchtec_ioctl.h
linux/vfio_ccw.h
linux/wil6210_uapi.h
rdma/bnxt_re-abi.h

Note that I have removed from this list the files which are generated in every
exported directories (like .install or .install.cmd).

Thanks to Julien Floret <julien.floret@6wind.com> for the tip to get all
subdirs with a pure makefile command.

For the record, note that exported files for asm directories are a mix of
files listed by:
 - include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild.asm;
 - arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild;
 - arch/<arch>/include/asm/Kbuild.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Pull PCI updates from Bjorn Helgaas:

 - add framework for supporting PCIe devices in Endpoint mode (Kishon
   Vijay Abraham I)

 - use non-postable PCI config space mappings when possible (Lorenzo
   Pieralisi)

 - clean up and unify mmap of PCI BARs (David Woodhouse)

 - export and unify Function Level Reset support (Christoph Hellwig)

 - avoid FLR for Intel 82579 NICs (Sasha Neftin)

 - add pci_request_irq() and pci_free_irq() helpers (Christoph Hellwig)

 - short-circuit config access failures for disconnected devices (Keith
   Busch)

 - remove D3 sleep delay when possible (Adrian Hunter)

 - freeze PME scan before suspending devices (Lukas Wunner)

 - stop disabling MSI/MSI-X in pci_device_shutdown() (Prarit Bhargava)

 - disable boot interrupt quirk for ASUS M2N-LR (Stefan Assmann)

 - add arch-specific alignment control to improve device passthrough by
   avoiding multiple BARs in a page (Yongji Xie)

 - add sysfs sriov_drivers_autoprobe to control VF driver binding
   (Bodong Wang)

 - allow slots below PCI-to-PCIe "reverse bridges" (Bjorn Helgaas)

 - fix crashes when unbinding host controllers that don't support
   removal (Brian Norris)

 - add driver for MicroSemi Switchtec management interface (Logan
   Gunthorpe)

 - add driver for Faraday Technology FTPCI100 host bridge (Linus
   Walleij)

 - add i.MX7D support (Andrey Smirnov)

 - use generic MSI support for Aardvark (Thomas Petazzoni)

 - make Rockchip driver modular (Brian Norris)

 - advertise 128-byte Read Completion Boundary support for Rockchip
   (Shawn Lin)

 - advertise PCI_EXP_LNKSTA_SLC for Rockchip root port (Shawn Lin)

 - convert atomic_t to refcount_t in HV driver (Elena Reshetova)

 - add CPU IRQ affinity in HV driver (K. Y. Srinivasan)

 - fix PCI bus removal in HV driver (Long Li)

 - add support for ThunderX2 DMA alias topology (Jayachandran C)

 - add ThunderX pass2.x 2nd node MCFG quirk (Tomasz Nowicki)

 - add ITE 8893 bridge DMA alias quirk (Jarod Wilson)

 - restrict Cavium ACS quirk only to CN81xx/CN83xx/CN88xx devices
   (Manish Jaggi)

* tag 'pci-v4.12-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci: (146 commits)
  PCI: Don't allow unbinding host controllers that aren't prepared
  ARM: DRA7: clockdomain: Change the CLKTRCTRL of CM_PCIE_CLKSTCTRL to SW_WKUP
  MAINTAINERS: Add PCI Endpoint maintainer
  Documentation: PCI: Add userguide for PCI endpoint test function
  tools: PCI: Add sample test script to invoke pcitest
  tools: PCI: Add a userspace tool to test PCI endpoint
  Documentation: misc-devices: Add Documentation for pci-endpoint-test driver
  misc: Add host side PCI driver for PCI test function device
  PCI: Add device IDs for DRA74x and DRA72x
  dt-bindings: PCI: dra7xx: Add DT bindings to enable unaligned access
  PCI: dwc: dra7xx: Workaround for errata id i870
  dt-bindings: PCI: dra7xx: Add DT bindings for PCI dra7xx EP mode
  PCI: dwc: dra7xx: Add EP mode support
  PCI: dwc: dra7xx: Facilitate wrapper and MSI interrupts to be enabled independently
  dt-bindings: PCI: Add DT bindings for PCI designware EP mode
  PCI: dwc: designware: Add EP mode support
  Documentation: PCI: Add binding documentation for pci-test endpoint function
  ixgbe: Use pcie_flr() instead of duplicating it
  IB/hfi1: Use pcie_flr() instead of duplicating it
  PCI: imx6: Fix spelling mistake: "contol" -> "control"
  ...

Pull x86 asm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - unwinder fixes and enhancements

   - improve ftrace interaction with the unwinder

   - optimize the code footprint of WARN() and related debugging
     constructs

   - ... plus misc updates, cleanups and fixes"

* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
  x86/unwind: Dump all stacks in unwind_dump()
  x86/unwind: Silence more entry-code related warnings
  x86/ftrace: Fix ebp in ftrace_regs_caller that screws up unwinder
  x86/unwind: Remove unused 'sp' parameter in unwind_dump()
  x86/unwind: Prepend hex mask value with '0x' in unwind_dump()
  x86/unwind: Properly zero-pad 32-bit values in unwind_dump()
  x86/unwind: Ensure stack pointer is aligned
  debug: Avoid setting BUGFLAG_WARNING twice
  x86/unwind: Silence entry-related warnings
  x86/unwind: Read stack return address in update_stack_state()
  x86/unwind: Move common code into update_stack_state()
  debug: Fix __bug_table[] in arch linker scripts
  debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()
  x86/debug: Define BUG() again for !CONFIG_BUG
  x86/debug: Implement __WARN() using UD0
  x86/ftrace: Use Makefile logic instead of #ifdef for compiling ftrace_*.o
  x86/ftrace: Add -mfentry support to x86_32 with DYNAMIC_FTRACE set
  x86/ftrace: Clean up ftrace_regs_caller
  x86/ftrace: Add stack frame pointer to ftrace_caller
  x86/ftrace: Move the ftrace specific code out of entry_32.S
  ...

all architectures converted

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>

In all cases we know which BAR it is.  Passing it in means that arch code
(or generic code; watch this space) won't have to go looking for it again.

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>