<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux.git/include/net/netns/netfilter.h, branch v7.0.7</title>
<subtitle>Clone of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: move the sysctl nf_hooks_lwtunnel into the netfilter core</title>
<updated>2024-06-19T16:41:59+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jianguo Wu</name>
<email>wujianguo@chinatelecom.cn</email>
</author>
<published>2024-06-13T09:42:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=a2225e0250c5fa397dcebf6ce65a9f05a114e0cf'/>
<id>a2225e0250c5fa397dcebf6ce65a9f05a114e0cf</id>
<content type='text'>
Currently, the sysctl net.netfilter.nf_hooks_lwtunnel depends on the
nf_conntrack module, but the nf_conntrack module is not always loaded.
Therefore, accessing net.netfilter.nf_hooks_lwtunnel may have an error.

Move sysctl nf_hooks_lwtunnel into the netfilter core.

Fixes: 7a3f5b0de364 ("netfilter: add netfilter hooks to SRv6 data plane")
Suggested-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu &lt;wujianguo@chinatelecom.cn&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Currently, the sysctl net.netfilter.nf_hooks_lwtunnel depends on the
nf_conntrack module, but the nf_conntrack module is not always loaded.
Therefore, accessing net.netfilter.nf_hooks_lwtunnel may have an error.

Move sysctl nf_hooks_lwtunnel into the netfilter core.

Fixes: 7a3f5b0de364 ("netfilter: add netfilter hooks to SRv6 data plane")
Suggested-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu &lt;wujianguo@chinatelecom.cn&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Remove DECnet support from kernel</title>
<updated>2022-08-22T13:26:30+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Hemminger</name>
<email>stephen@networkplumber.org</email>
</author>
<published>2022-08-18T00:43:21+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=1202cdd665315c525b5237e96e0bedc76d7e754f'/>
<id>1202cdd665315c525b5237e96e0bedc76d7e754f</id>
<content type='text'>
DECnet is an obsolete network protocol that receives more attention
from kernel janitors than users. It belongs in computer protocol
history museum not in Linux kernel.

It has been "Orphaned" in kernel since 2010. The iproute2 support
for DECnet was dropped in 5.0 release. The documentation link on
Sourceforge says it is abandoned there as well.

Leave the UAPI alone to keep userspace programs compiling.
This means that there is still an empty neighbour table
for AF_DECNET.

The table of /proc/sys/net entries was updated to match
current directories and reformatted to be alphabetical.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger &lt;stephen@networkplumber.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov &lt;razor@blackwall.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
DECnet is an obsolete network protocol that receives more attention
from kernel janitors than users. It belongs in computer protocol
history museum not in Linux kernel.

It has been "Orphaned" in kernel since 2010. The iproute2 support
for DECnet was dropped in 5.0 release. The documentation link on
Sourceforge says it is abandoned there as well.

Leave the UAPI alone to keep userspace programs compiling.
This means that there is still an empty neighbour table
for AF_DECNET.

The table of /proc/sys/net entries was updated to match
current directories and reformatted to be alphabetical.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger &lt;stephen@networkplumber.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov &lt;razor@blackwall.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: conntrack: fix boot failure with nf_conntrack.enable_hooks=1</title>
<updated>2021-09-28T11:04:55+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2021-09-23T14:44:34+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=339031bafe6b281cf2dcb8364217288b9fdab555'/>
<id>339031bafe6b281cf2dcb8364217288b9fdab555</id>
<content type='text'>
This is a revert of
7b1957b049 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv4: use net_generic infra")
and a partial revert of
8b0adbe3e3 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv6: use net_generic infra").

If conntrack is builtin and kernel is booted with:
nf_conntrack.enable_hooks=1

.... kernel will fail to boot due to a NULL deref in
nf_defrag_ipv4_enable(): Its called before the ipv4 defrag initcall is
made, so net_generic() returns NULL.

To resolve this, move the user refcount back to struct net so calls
to those functions are possible even before their initcalls have run.

Fixes: 7b1957b04956 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv4: use net_generic infra")
Fixes: 8b0adbe3e38d ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv6: use net_generic infra").
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This is a revert of
7b1957b049 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv4: use net_generic infra")
and a partial revert of
8b0adbe3e3 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv6: use net_generic infra").

If conntrack is builtin and kernel is booted with:
nf_conntrack.enable_hooks=1

.... kernel will fail to boot due to a NULL deref in
nf_defrag_ipv4_enable(): Its called before the ipv4 defrag initcall is
made, so net_generic() returns NULL.

To resolve this, move the user refcount back to struct net so calls
to those functions are possible even before their initcalls have run.

Fixes: 7b1957b04956 ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv4: use net_generic infra")
Fixes: 8b0adbe3e38d ("netfilter: nf_defrag_ipv6: use net_generic infra").
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: nf_queue: move hookfn registration out of struct net</title>
<updated>2021-08-10T15:32:00+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2021-08-05T10:02:43+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=8702997074363c294a1f83928cd0c33ca57bf813'/>
<id>8702997074363c294a1f83928cd0c33ca57bf813</id>
<content type='text'>
This was done to detect when the pernet-&gt;init() function was not called
yet, by checking if net-&gt;nf.queue_handler is NULL.

Once the nfnetlink_queue module is active, all struct net pointers
contain the same address.  So place this back in nf_queue.c.

Handle the 'netns error unwind' test by checking nfnl_queue_net for a
NULL pointer and add a comment for this.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This was done to detect when the pernet-&gt;init() function was not called
yet, by checking if net-&gt;nf.queue_handler is NULL.

Once the nfnetlink_queue module is active, all struct net pointers
contain the same address.  So place this back in nf_queue.c.

Handle the 'netns error unwind' test by checking nfnl_queue_net for a
NULL pointer and add a comment for this.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>net: remove obsolete members from struct net</title>
<updated>2021-04-05T22:34:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2021-04-01T14:11:14+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=db3685b4046f8b629bbf73caa33751ce567ea8ff'/>
<id>db3685b4046f8b629bbf73caa33751ce567ea8ff</id>
<content type='text'>
all have been moved to generic_net infra. On x86_64, this reduces
struct net size from 70 to 63 cache lines (4480 to 4032 byte).

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
all have been moved to generic_net infra. On x86_64, this reduces
struct net size from 70 to 63 cache lines (4480 to 4032 byte).

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: don't allocate space for arp/bridge hooks unless needed</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T17:01:11+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-07T15:28:26+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=2a95183a5e0375df756efb2ca37602d71e8455f9'/>
<id>2a95183a5e0375df756efb2ca37602d71e8455f9</id>
<content type='text'>
no need to define hook points if the family isn't supported.
Because we need these hooks for either nftables, arp/ebtables
or the 'call-iptables' hack we have in the bridge layer add two
new dependencies, NETFILTER_FAMILY_{ARP,BRIDGE}, and have the
users select them.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
no need to define hook points if the family isn't supported.
Because we need these hooks for either nftables, arp/ebtables
or the 'call-iptables' hack we have in the bridge layer add two
new dependencies, NETFILTER_FAMILY_{ARP,BRIDGE}, and have the
users select them.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: don't allocate space for decnet hooks unless needed</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T17:01:10+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-07T15:28:25+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=bb4badf3a3dc81190f7c1c1fa063cdefb18df45f'/>
<id>bb4badf3a3dc81190f7c1c1fa063cdefb18df45f</id>
<content type='text'>
no need to define hook points if the family isn't supported.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
no need to define hook points if the family isn't supported.

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: reduce hook array sizes to what is needed</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T17:01:09+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-07T15:28:24+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=ef57170bbfdd6958281011332b1fd237712f69f0'/>
<id>ef57170bbfdd6958281011332b1fd237712f69f0</id>
<content type='text'>
Not all families share the same hook count, adjust sizes to what is
needed.

struct net before:
/* size: 6592, cachelines: 103, members: 46 */
after:
/* size: 5952, cachelines: 93, members: 46 */

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Not all families share the same hook count, adjust sizes to what is
needed.

struct net before:
/* size: 6592, cachelines: 103, members: 46 */
after:
/* size: 5952, cachelines: 93, members: 46 */

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>netfilter: reduce size of hook entry point locations</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T17:01:08+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Florian Westphal</name>
<email>fw@strlen.de</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-02T23:58:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=b0f38338aef2dae5ade3c16acf713737e3b15a73'/>
<id>b0f38338aef2dae5ade3c16acf713737e3b15a73</id>
<content type='text'>
struct net contains:

struct nf_hook_entries __rcu *hooks[NFPROTO_NUMPROTO][NF_MAX_HOOKS];

which store the hook entry point locations for the various protocol
families and the hooks.

Using array results in compact c code when doing accesses, i.e.
  x = rcu_dereference(net-&gt;nf.hooks[pf][hook]);

but its also wasting a lot of memory, as most families are
not used.

So split the array into those families that are used, which
are only 5 (instead of 13).  In most cases, the 'pf' argument is
constant, i.e. gcc removes switch statement.

struct net before:
 /* size: 5184, cachelines: 81, members: 46 */
after:
 /* size: 4672, cachelines: 73, members: 46 */

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
struct net contains:

struct nf_hook_entries __rcu *hooks[NFPROTO_NUMPROTO][NF_MAX_HOOKS];

which store the hook entry point locations for the various protocol
families and the hooks.

Using array results in compact c code when doing accesses, i.e.
  x = rcu_dereference(net-&gt;nf.hooks[pf][hook]);

but its also wasting a lot of memory, as most families are
not used.

So split the array into those families that are used, which
are only 5 (instead of 13).  In most cases, the 'pf' argument is
constant, i.e. gcc removes switch statement.

struct net before:
 /* size: 5184, cachelines: 81, members: 46 */
after:
 /* size: 4672, cachelines: 73, members: 46 */

Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal &lt;fw@strlen.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso &lt;pablo@netfilter.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license</title>
<updated>2017-11-02T10:10:55+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Kroah-Hartman</name>
<email>gregkh@linuxfoundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-01T14:07:57+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.exis.tech/linux.git/commit/?id=b24413180f5600bcb3bb70fbed5cf186b60864bd'/>
<id>b24413180f5600bcb3bb70fbed5cf186b60864bd</id>
<content type='text'>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode &amp; Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained &gt;5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if &lt;5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart &lt;kstewart@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne &lt;pombredanne@nexb.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode &amp; Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained &gt;5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if &lt;5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart &lt;kstewart@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne &lt;pombredanne@nexb.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
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