linux.git/init/main.c, branch v6.18.21 Clone of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-10-02-15-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm 2025-10-03T01:44:54+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2025-10-03T01:44:54+00:00 e406d57be7bd2a4e73ea512c1ae36a40a44e499e Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "ida: Remove the ida_simple_xxx() API" from Christophe Jaillet completes the removal of this legacy IDR API - "panic: introduce panic status function family" from Jinchao Wang provides a number of cleanups to the panic code and its various helpers, which were rather ad-hoc and scattered all over the place - "tools/delaytop: implement real-time keyboard interaction support" from Fan Yu adds a few nice user-facing usability changes to the delaytop monitoring tool - "efi: Fix EFI boot with kexec handover (KHO)" from Evangelos Petrongonas fixes a panic which was happening with the combination of EFI and KHO - "Squashfs: performance improvement and a sanity check" from Phillip Lougher teaches squashfs's lseek() about SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE. A mere 150x speedup was measured for a well-chosen microbenchmark - plus another 50-odd singleton patches all over the place * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-10-02-15-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (75 commits) Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() kallsyms: use kmalloc_array() instead of kmalloc() MAINTAINERS: update Sibi Sankar's email address Squashfs: add SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE support Squashfs: add additional inode sanity checking lib/genalloc: fix device leak in of_gen_pool_get() panic: remove CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS_VALUE ocfs2: fix double free in user_cluster_connect() checkpatch: suppress strscpy warnings for userspace tools cramfs: fix incorrect physical page address calculation kernel: prevent prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG) from racing with parent process exit Squashfs: fix uninit-value in squashfs_get_parent kho: only fill kimage if KHO is finalized ocfs2: avoid extra calls to strlen() after ocfs2_sprintf_system_inode_name() kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths sched/task.h: fix the wrong comment on task_lock() nesting with tasklist_lock coccinelle: platform_no_drv_owner: handle also built-in drivers coccinelle: of_table: handle SPI device ID tables lib/decompress: use designated initializers for struct compress_format efi: support booting with kexec handover (KHO) ... 
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "ida: Remove the ida_simple_xxx() API" from Christophe Jaillet
   completes the removal of this legacy IDR API

 - "panic: introduce panic status function family" from Jinchao Wang
   provides a number of cleanups to the panic code and its various
   helpers, which were rather ad-hoc and scattered all over the place

 - "tools/delaytop: implement real-time keyboard interaction support"
   from Fan Yu adds a few nice user-facing usability changes to the
   delaytop monitoring tool

 - "efi: Fix EFI boot with kexec handover (KHO)" from Evangelos
   Petrongonas fixes a panic which was happening with the combination of
   EFI and KHO

 - "Squashfs: performance improvement and a sanity check" from Phillip
   Lougher teaches squashfs's lseek() about SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE. A mere
   150x speedup was measured for a well-chosen microbenchmark

 - plus another 50-odd singleton patches all over the place

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-10-02-15-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (75 commits)
  Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode()
  kallsyms: use kmalloc_array() instead of kmalloc()
  MAINTAINERS: update Sibi Sankar's email address
  Squashfs: add SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE support
  Squashfs: add additional inode sanity checking
  lib/genalloc: fix device leak in of_gen_pool_get()
  panic: remove CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS_VALUE
  ocfs2: fix double free in user_cluster_connect()
  checkpatch: suppress strscpy warnings for userspace tools
  cramfs: fix incorrect physical page address calculation
  kernel: prevent prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG) from racing with parent process exit
  Squashfs: fix uninit-value in squashfs_get_parent
  kho: only fill kimage if KHO is finalized
  ocfs2: avoid extra calls to strlen() after ocfs2_sprintf_system_inode_name()
  kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths
  sched/task.h: fix the wrong comment on task_lock() nesting with tasklist_lock
  coccinelle: platform_no_drv_owner: handle also built-in drivers
  coccinelle: of_table: handle SPI device ID tables
  lib/decompress: use designated initializers for struct compress_format
  efi: support booting with kexec handover (KHO)
  ...
Merge tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs 2025-09-29T18:20:29+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2025-09-29T18:20:29+00:00 18b19abc3709b109676ffd1f48dcd332c2e477d4 Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner: "This contains a larger set of changes around the generic namespace infrastructure of the kernel. Each specific namespace type (net, cgroup, mnt, ...) embedds a struct ns_common which carries the reference count of the namespace and so on. We open-coded and cargo-culted so many quirks for each namespace type that it just wasn't scalable anymore. So given there's a bunch of new changes coming in that area I've started cleaning all of this up. The core change is to make it possible to correctly initialize every namespace uniformly and derive the correct initialization settings from the type of the namespace such as namespace operations, namespace type and so on. This leaves the new ns_common_init() function with a single parameter which is the specific namespace type which derives the correct parameters statically. This also means the compiler will yell as soon as someone does something remotely fishy. The ns_common_init() addition also allows us to remove ns_alloc_inum() and drops any special-casing of the initial network namespace in the network namespace initialization code that Linus complained about. Another part is reworking the reference counting. The reference counting was open-coded and copy-pasted for each namespace type even though they all followed the same rules. This also removes all open accesses to the reference count and makes it private and only uses a very small set of dedicated helpers to manipulate them just like we do for e.g., files. In addition this generalizes the mount namespace iteration infrastructure introduced a few cycles ago. As reminder, the vfs makes it possible to iterate sequentially and bidirectionally through all mount namespaces on the system or all mount namespaces that the caller holds privilege over. This allow userspace to iterate over all mounts in all mount namespaces using the listmount() and statmount() system call. Each mount namespace has a unique identifier for the lifetime of the systems that is exposed to userspace. The network namespace also has a unique identifier working exactly the same way. This extends the concept to all other namespace types. The new nstree type makes it possible to lookup namespaces purely by their identifier and to walk the namespace list sequentially and bidirectionally for all namespace types, allowing userspace to iterate through all namespaces. Looking up namespaces in the namespace tree works completely locklessly. This also means we can move the mount namespace onto the generic infrastructure and remove a bunch of code and members from struct mnt_namespace itself. There's a bunch of stuff coming on top of this in the future but for now this uses the generic namespace tree to extend a concept introduced first for pidfs a few cycles ago. For a while now we have supported pidfs file handles for pidfds. This has proven to be very useful. This extends the concept to cover namespaces as well. It is possible to encode and decode namespace file handles using the common name_to_handle_at() and open_by_handle_at() apis. As with pidfs file handles, namespace file handles are exhaustive, meaning it is not required to actually hold a reference to nsfs in able to decode aka open_by_handle_at() a namespace file handle. Instead the FD_NSFS_ROOT constant can be passed which will let the kernel grab a reference to the root of nsfs internally and thus decode the file handle. Namespaces file descriptors can already be derived from pidfds which means they aren't subject to overmount protection bugs. IOW, it's irrelevant if the caller would not have access to an appropriate /proc/<pid>/ns/ directory as they could always just derive the namespace based on a pidfd already. It has the same advantage as pidfds. It's possible to reliably and for the lifetime of the system refer to a namespace without pinning any resources and to compare them trivially. Permission checking is kept simple. If the caller is located in the namespace the file handle refers to they are able to open it otherwise they must hold privilege over the owning namespace of the relevant namespace. The namespace file handle layout is exposed as uapi and has a stable and extensible format. For now it simply contains the namespace identifier, the namespace type, and the inode number. The stable format means that userspace may construct its own namespace file handles without going through name_to_handle_at() as they are already allowed for pidfs and cgroup file handles" * tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (65 commits) ns: drop assert ns: move ns type into struct ns_common nstree: make struct ns_tree private ns: add ns_debug() ns: simplify ns_common_init() further cgroup: add missing ns_common include ns: use inode initializer for initial namespaces selftests/namespaces: verify initial namespace inode numbers ns: rename to __ns_ref nsfs: port to ns_ref_*() helpers net: port to ns_ref_*() helpers uts: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ipv4: use check_net() net: use check_net() net-sysfs: use check_net() user: port to ns_ref_*() helpers time: port to ns_ref_*() helpers pid: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ipc: port to ns_ref_*() helpers cgroup: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ... 
Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner:
 "This contains a larger set of changes around the generic namespace
  infrastructure of the kernel.

  Each specific namespace type (net, cgroup, mnt, ...) embedds a struct
  ns_common which carries the reference count of the namespace and so
  on.

  We open-coded and cargo-culted so many quirks for each namespace type
  that it just wasn't scalable anymore. So given there's a bunch of new
  changes coming in that area I've started cleaning all of this up.

  The core change is to make it possible to correctly initialize every
  namespace uniformly and derive the correct initialization settings
  from the type of the namespace such as namespace operations, namespace
  type and so on. This leaves the new ns_common_init() function with a
  single parameter which is the specific namespace type which derives
  the correct parameters statically. This also means the compiler will
  yell as soon as someone does something remotely fishy.

  The ns_common_init() addition also allows us to remove ns_alloc_inum()
  and drops any special-casing of the initial network namespace in the
  network namespace initialization code that Linus complained about.

  Another part is reworking the reference counting. The reference
  counting was open-coded and copy-pasted for each namespace type even
  though they all followed the same rules. This also removes all open
  accesses to the reference count and makes it private and only uses a
  very small set of dedicated helpers to manipulate them just like we do
  for e.g., files.

  In addition this generalizes the mount namespace iteration
  infrastructure introduced a few cycles ago. As reminder, the vfs makes
  it possible to iterate sequentially and bidirectionally through all
  mount namespaces on the system or all mount namespaces that the caller
  holds privilege over. This allow userspace to iterate over all mounts
  in all mount namespaces using the listmount() and statmount() system
  call.

  Each mount namespace has a unique identifier for the lifetime of the
  systems that is exposed to userspace. The network namespace also has a
  unique identifier working exactly the same way. This extends the
  concept to all other namespace types.

  The new nstree type makes it possible to lookup namespaces purely by
  their identifier and to walk the namespace list sequentially and
  bidirectionally for all namespace types, allowing userspace to iterate
  through all namespaces. Looking up namespaces in the namespace tree
  works completely locklessly.

  This also means we can move the mount namespace onto the generic
  infrastructure and remove a bunch of code and members from struct
  mnt_namespace itself.

  There's a bunch of stuff coming on top of this in the future but for
  now this uses the generic namespace tree to extend a concept
  introduced first for pidfs a few cycles ago. For a while now we have
  supported pidfs file handles for pidfds. This has proven to be very
  useful.

  This extends the concept to cover namespaces as well. It is possible
  to encode and decode namespace file handles using the common
  name_to_handle_at() and open_by_handle_at() apis.

  As with pidfs file handles, namespace file handles are exhaustive,
  meaning it is not required to actually hold a reference to nsfs in
  able to decode aka open_by_handle_at() a namespace file handle.
  Instead the FD_NSFS_ROOT constant can be passed which will let the
  kernel grab a reference to the root of nsfs internally and thus decode
  the file handle.

  Namespaces file descriptors can already be derived from pidfds which
  means they aren't subject to overmount protection bugs. IOW, it's
  irrelevant if the caller would not have access to an appropriate
  /proc/<pid>/ns/ directory as they could always just derive the
  namespace based on a pidfd already.

  It has the same advantage as pidfds. It's possible to reliably and for
  the lifetime of the system refer to a namespace without pinning any
  resources and to compare them trivially.

  Permission checking is kept simple. If the caller is located in the
  namespace the file handle refers to they are able to open it otherwise
  they must hold privilege over the owning namespace of the relevant
  namespace.

  The namespace file handle layout is exposed as uapi and has a stable
  and extensible format. For now it simply contains the namespace
  identifier, the namespace type, and the inode number. The stable
  format means that userspace may construct its own namespace file
  handles without going through name_to_handle_at() as they are already
  allowed for pidfs and cgroup file handles"

* tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (65 commits)
  ns: drop assert
  ns: move ns type into struct ns_common
  nstree: make struct ns_tree private
  ns: add ns_debug()
  ns: simplify ns_common_init() further
  cgroup: add missing ns_common include
  ns: use inode initializer for initial namespaces
  selftests/namespaces: verify initial namespace inode numbers
  ns: rename to __ns_ref
  nsfs: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  net: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  uts: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  ipv4: use check_net()
  net: use check_net()
  net-sysfs: use check_net()
  user: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  time: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  pid: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  ipc: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  cgroup: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
  ...
time: support ns lookup 2025-09-19T12:26:15+00:00 Christian Brauner brauner@kernel.org 2025-09-12T11:52:46+00:00 b36c823b9a4be5b0c8e38c3fd60cade7d41c216c Support the generic ns lookup infrastructure to support file handles for namespaces. Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> 
Support the generic ns lookup infrastructure to support file handles for
namespaces.

Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
init: handle bootloader identifier in kernel parameters 2025-09-14T00:32:45+00:00 Huacai Chen chenhuacai@loongson.cn 2025-07-21T10:13:43+00:00 e416f0ed3c500c05c55fb62ee62662717b1c7f71 BootLoaders (Grub, LILO, etc) may pass an identifier such as "BOOT_IMAGE= /boot/vmlinuz-x.y.z" to kernel parameters. But these identifiers are not recognized by the kernel itself so will be passed to userspace. However user space init program also don't recognize it. KEXEC/KDUMP (kexec-tools) may also pass an identifier such as "kexec" on some architectures. We cannot change BootLoader's behavior, because this behavior exists for many years, and there are already user space programs search BOOT_IMAGE= in /proc/cmdline to obtain the kernel image locations: https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-ab-recovery/blob/master/util.go (search getBootOptions) https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-ab-recovery/blob/master/main.go (search getKernelReleaseWithBootOption) So the the best way is handle (ignore) it by the kernel itself, which can avoid such boot warnings (if we use something like init=/bin/bash, bootloader identifier can even cause a crash): Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,1)/vmlinuz-6.x root=/dev/sda3 ro console=tty Unknown kernel command line parameters "BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,1)/vmlinuz-6.x", will be passed to user space. [chenhuacai@loongson.cn: use strstarts()] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250815090120.1569947-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250721101343.3283480-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> 
BootLoaders (Grub, LILO, etc) may pass an identifier such as "BOOT_IMAGE=
/boot/vmlinuz-x.y.z" to kernel parameters.  But these identifiers are not
recognized by the kernel itself so will be passed to userspace.  However
user space init program also don't recognize it.

KEXEC/KDUMP (kexec-tools) may also pass an identifier such as "kexec" on
some architectures.

We cannot change BootLoader's behavior, because this behavior exists for
many years, and there are already user space programs search BOOT_IMAGE=
in /proc/cmdline to obtain the kernel image locations:

https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-ab-recovery/blob/master/util.go
(search getBootOptions)
https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-ab-recovery/blob/master/main.go
(search getKernelReleaseWithBootOption) So the the best way is handle
(ignore) it by the kernel itself, which can avoid such boot warnings (if
we use something like init=/bin/bash, bootloader identifier can even cause
a crash):

Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,1)/vmlinuz-6.x root=/dev/sda3 ro console=tty
Unknown kernel command line parameters "BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,1)/vmlinuz-6.x", will be passed to user space.

[chenhuacai@loongson.cn: use strstarts()]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250815090120.1569947-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250721101343.3283480-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
init/main.c: fix boot time tracing crash 2025-09-04T00:10:36+00:00 Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) rppt@kernel.org 2025-08-24T13:07:59+00:00 669602b5b7386e4fa00fc67b045ca3fd816e685d Steven Rostedt reported a crash with "ftrace=function" kernel command line: [ 0.159269] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000001c [ 0.160254] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 0.160975] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 0.161697] PGD 0 P4D 0 [ 0.162055] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI [ 0.162619] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-test-00006-g48d06e78b7cb-dirty #9 PREEMPT(undef) [ 0.164141] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 0.165439] RIP: 0010:kmem_cache_alloc_noprof (mm/slub.c:4237) [ 0.166186] Code: 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 41 57 41 56 41 55 41 54 49 89 fc 53 48 83 e4 f0 48 83 ec 20 8b 05 c9 b6 7e 01 <44> 8b 77 1c 65 4c 8b 2d b5 ea 20 02 4c 89 6c 24 18 41 89 f5 21 f0 [ 0.168811] RSP: 0000:ffffffffb2e03b30 EFLAGS: 00010086 [ 0.169545] RAX: 0000000001fff33f RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 0.170544] RDX: 0000000000002800 RSI: 0000000000002800 RDI: 0000000000000000 [ 0.171554] RBP: ffffffffb2e03b80 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: ffffffffb2e03c90 [ 0.172549] R10: ffffffffb2e03c90 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000 [ 0.173544] R13: ffffffffb2e03c90 R14: ffffffffb2e03c90 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 0.174542] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9d2808114000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 0.175684] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 0.176486] CR2: 000000000000001c CR3: 000000007264c001 CR4: 00000000000200b0 [ 0.177483] Call Trace: [ 0.177828] <TASK> [ 0.178123] mas_alloc_nodes (lib/maple_tree.c:176 (discriminator 2) lib/maple_tree.c:1255 (discriminator 2)) [ 0.178692] mas_store_gfp (lib/maple_tree.c:5468) [ 0.179223] execmem_cache_add_locked (mm/execmem.c:207) [ 0.179870] execmem_alloc (mm/execmem.c:213 mm/execmem.c:313 mm/execmem.c:335 mm/execmem.c:475) [ 0.180397] ? ftrace_caller (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:169) [ 0.180922] ? __pfx_ftrace_caller (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:158) [ 0.181517] execmem_alloc_rw (mm/execmem.c:487) [ 0.182052] arch_ftrace_update_trampoline (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:266 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:344 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:474) [ 0.182778] ? ftrace_caller_op_ptr (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:182) [ 0.183388] ftrace_update_trampoline (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7947) [ 0.184024] __register_ftrace_function (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:368) [ 0.184682] ftrace_startup (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:3048) [ 0.185205] ? __pfx_function_trace_call (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:210) [ 0.185877] register_ftrace_function_nolock (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:8717) [ 0.186595] register_ftrace_function (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:8745) [ 0.187254] ? __pfx_function_trace_call (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:210) [ 0.187924] function_trace_init (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:170) [ 0.188499] tracing_set_tracer (kernel/trace/trace.c:5916 kernel/trace/trace.c:6349) [ 0.189088] register_tracer (kernel/trace/trace.c:2391) [ 0.189642] early_trace_init (kernel/trace/trace.c:11075 kernel/trace/trace.c:11149) [ 0.190204] start_kernel (init/main.c:970) [ 0.190732] x86_64_start_reservations (arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:307) [ 0.191381] x86_64_start_kernel (??:?) [ 0.191955] common_startup_64 (arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S:419) [ 0.192534] </TASK> [ 0.192839] Modules linked in: [ 0.193267] CR2: 000000000000001c [ 0.193730] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The crash happens because on x86 ftrace allocations from execmem require maple tree to be initialized. Move maple tree initialization that depends only on slab availability earlier in boot so that it will happen right after mm_core_init(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250824130759.1732736-1-rppt@kernel.org Fixes: 5d79c2be5081 ("x86/ftrace: enable EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for ftrace allocations") Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reported-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Tested-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250820184743.0302a8b5@gandalf.local.home/ Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Borislav Betkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleinxer <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> 
Steven Rostedt reported a crash with "ftrace=function" kernel command
line:

[    0.159269] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000001c
[    0.160254] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[    0.160975] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[    0.161697] PGD 0 P4D 0
[    0.162055] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
[    0.162619] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-test-00006-g48d06e78b7cb-dirty #9 PREEMPT(undef)
[    0.164141] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
[    0.165439] RIP: 0010:kmem_cache_alloc_noprof (mm/slub.c:4237)
[ 0.166186] Code: 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 41 57 41 56 41 55 41 54 49 89 fc 53 48 83 e4 f0 48 83 ec 20 8b 05 c9 b6 7e 01 <44> 8b 77 1c 65 4c 8b 2d b5 ea 20 02 4c 89 6c 24 18 41 89 f5 21 f0
[    0.168811] RSP: 0000:ffffffffb2e03b30 EFLAGS: 00010086
[    0.169545] RAX: 0000000001fff33f RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[    0.170544] RDX: 0000000000002800 RSI: 0000000000002800 RDI: 0000000000000000
[    0.171554] RBP: ffffffffb2e03b80 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: ffffffffb2e03c90
[    0.172549] R10: ffffffffb2e03c90 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
[    0.173544] R13: ffffffffb2e03c90 R14: ffffffffb2e03c90 R15: 0000000000000001
[    0.174542] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9d2808114000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[    0.175684] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[    0.176486] CR2: 000000000000001c CR3: 000000007264c001 CR4: 00000000000200b0
[    0.177483] Call Trace:
[    0.177828]  <TASK>
[    0.178123] mas_alloc_nodes (lib/maple_tree.c:176 (discriminator 2) lib/maple_tree.c:1255 (discriminator 2))
[    0.178692] mas_store_gfp (lib/maple_tree.c:5468)
[    0.179223] execmem_cache_add_locked (mm/execmem.c:207)
[    0.179870] execmem_alloc (mm/execmem.c:213 mm/execmem.c:313 mm/execmem.c:335 mm/execmem.c:475)
[    0.180397] ? ftrace_caller (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:169)
[    0.180922] ? __pfx_ftrace_caller (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:158)
[    0.181517] execmem_alloc_rw (mm/execmem.c:487)
[    0.182052] arch_ftrace_update_trampoline (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:266 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:344 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:474)
[    0.182778] ? ftrace_caller_op_ptr (arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S:182)
[    0.183388] ftrace_update_trampoline (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7947)
[    0.184024] __register_ftrace_function (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:368)
[    0.184682] ftrace_startup (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:3048)
[    0.185205] ? __pfx_function_trace_call (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:210)
[    0.185877] register_ftrace_function_nolock (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:8717)
[    0.186595] register_ftrace_function (kernel/trace/ftrace.c:8745)
[    0.187254] ? __pfx_function_trace_call (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:210)
[    0.187924] function_trace_init (kernel/trace/trace_functions.c:170)
[    0.188499] tracing_set_tracer (kernel/trace/trace.c:5916 kernel/trace/trace.c:6349)
[    0.189088] register_tracer (kernel/trace/trace.c:2391)
[    0.189642] early_trace_init (kernel/trace/trace.c:11075 kernel/trace/trace.c:11149)
[    0.190204] start_kernel (init/main.c:970)
[    0.190732] x86_64_start_reservations (arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:307)
[    0.191381] x86_64_start_kernel (??:?)
[    0.191955] common_startup_64 (arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S:419)
[    0.192534]  </TASK>
[    0.192839] Modules linked in:
[    0.193267] CR2: 000000000000001c
[    0.193730] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

The crash happens because on x86 ftrace allocations from execmem require
maple tree to be initialized.

Move maple tree initialization that depends only on slab availability
earlier in boot so that it will happen right after mm_core_init().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250824130759.1732736-1-rppt@kernel.org
Fixes: 5d79c2be5081 ("x86/ftrace: enable EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for ftrace allocations")
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250820184743.0302a8b5@gandalf.local.home/
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Borislav Betkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleinxer <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm 2025-08-03T23:23:09+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2025-08-03T23:23:09+00:00 e991acf1bce7a428794514cbbe216973c9c0a3c8 Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: "Significant patch series in this pull request: - "squashfs: Remove page->mapping references" (Matthew Wilcox) gets us closer to being able to remove page->mapping - "relayfs: misc changes" (Jason Xing) does some maintenance and minor feature addition work in relayfs - "kdump: crashkernel reservation from CMA" (Jiri Bohac) switches us from static preallocation of the kdump crashkernel's working memory over to dynamic allocation. So the difficulty of a-priori estimation of the second kernel's needs is removed and the first kernel obtains extra memory - "generalize panic_print's dump function to be used by other kernel parts" (Feng Tang) implements some consolidation and rationalization of the various ways in which a failing kernel splats information at the operator * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (80 commits) tools/getdelays: add backward compatibility for taskstats version kho: add test for kexec handover delaytop: enhance error logging and add PSI feature description samples: Kconfig: fix spelling mistake "instancess" -> "instances" fat: fix too many log in fat_chain_add() scripts/spelling.txt: add notifer||notifier to spelling.txt xen/xenbus: fix typo "notifer" net: mvneta: fix typo "notifer" drm/xe: fix typo "notifer" cxl: mce: fix typo "notifer" KVM: x86: fix typo "notifer" MAINTAINERS: add maintainers for delaytop ucount: use atomic_long_try_cmpxchg() in atomic_long_inc_below() ucount: fix atomic_long_inc_below() argument type kexec: enable CMA based contiguous allocation stackdepot: make max number of pools boot-time configurable lib/xxhash: remove unused functions init/Kconfig: restore CONFIG_BROKEN help text lib/raid6: update recov_rvv.c zero page usage docs: update docs after introducing delaytop ... 
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
 "Significant patch series in this pull request:

   - "squashfs: Remove page->mapping references" (Matthew Wilcox) gets
     us closer to being able to remove page->mapping

   - "relayfs: misc changes" (Jason Xing) does some maintenance and
     minor feature addition work in relayfs

   - "kdump: crashkernel reservation from CMA" (Jiri Bohac) switches
     us from static preallocation of the kdump crashkernel's working
     memory over to dynamic allocation. So the difficulty of a-priori
     estimation of the second kernel's needs is removed and the first
     kernel obtains extra memory

   - "generalize panic_print's dump function to be used by other
     kernel parts" (Feng Tang) implements some consolidation and
     rationalization of the various ways in which a failing kernel
     splats information at the operator

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (80 commits)
  tools/getdelays: add backward compatibility for taskstats version
  kho: add test for kexec handover
  delaytop: enhance error logging and add PSI feature description
  samples: Kconfig: fix spelling mistake "instancess" -> "instances"
  fat: fix too many log in fat_chain_add()
  scripts/spelling.txt: add notifer||notifier to spelling.txt
  xen/xenbus: fix typo "notifer"
  net: mvneta: fix typo "notifer"
  drm/xe: fix typo "notifer"
  cxl: mce: fix typo "notifer"
  KVM: x86: fix typo "notifer"
  MAINTAINERS: add maintainers for delaytop
  ucount: use atomic_long_try_cmpxchg() in atomic_long_inc_below()
  ucount: fix atomic_long_inc_below() argument type
  kexec: enable CMA based contiguous allocation
  stackdepot: make max number of pools boot-time configurable
  lib/xxhash: remove unused functions
  init/Kconfig: restore CONFIG_BROKEN help text
  lib/raid6: update recov_rvv.c zero page usage
  docs: update docs after introducing delaytop
  ...
init/main.c: add warning when file specified in rdinit is inaccessible 2025-07-20T02:08:26+00:00 Lillian Berry lillian@star-ark.net 2025-07-07T09:14:11+00:00 98aa4d5d242d3a73388271e00e11ce91d8c3c3e1 Avoid silently ignoring the initramfs when the file specified in rdinit is not usable. This prints an error that clearly explains the issue (file was not found, vs initramfs was not found). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250707091411.1412681-1-lillian@star-ark.net Signed-off-by: Lillian Berry <lillian@star-ark.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> 
Avoid silently ignoring the initramfs when the file specified in rdinit is
not usable.  This prints an error that clearly explains the issue (file
was not found, vs initramfs was not found).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250707091411.1412681-1-lillian@star-ark.net
Signed-off-by: Lillian Berry <lillian@star-ark.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
x86/efi: Move runtime service initialization to arch/x86 2025-06-20T17:48:50+00:00 Alexander Shishkin alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com 2025-06-20T13:53:12+00:00 ce2c403c26c1ed0e28fc541ab30fe13ff50236be The EFI call in start_kernel() is guarded by #ifdef CONFIG_X86. Move the thing to the arch_cpu_finalize_init() path on x86 and get rid of the #ifdef in start_kernel(). No functional change intended. Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250620135325.3300848-5-kirill.shutemov%40linux.intel.com 
The EFI call in start_kernel() is guarded by #ifdef CONFIG_X86. Move
the thing to the arch_cpu_finalize_init() path on x86 and get rid of
the #ifdef in start_kernel().

No functional change intended.

Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250620135325.3300848-5-kirill.shutemov%40linux.intel.com
init: fix build warnings about export.h 2025-06-12T05:42:36+00:00 Huacai Chen chenhuacai@loongson.cn 2025-06-08T14:12:35+00:00 66ac1a4d366d3faa95fcf6082b555f8d77f1e8db After commit a934a57a42f64a4 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include <linux/export.h> when W=1") and 7d95680d64ac8e836c ("scripts/misc-check: check unnecessary #include <linux/export.h> when W=1"), we get some build warnings with W=1: init/main.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include <linux/export.h> is missing init/initramfs.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include <linux/export.h> is missing So fix these build warnings for the init code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250608141235.155206-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn Fixes: a934a57a42f6 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include <linux/export.h> when W=1") Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn> Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> 
After commit a934a57a42f64a4 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include
<linux/export.h> when W=1") and 7d95680d64ac8e836c ("scripts/misc-check:
check unnecessary #include <linux/export.h> when W=1"), we get some build
warnings with W=1:

init/main.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include <linux/export.h> is missing
init/initramfs.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include <linux/export.h> is missing

So fix these build warnings for the init code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250608141235.155206-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Fixes: a934a57a42f6 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include <linux/export.h> when W=1")
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm 2025-06-01T02:12:53+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2025-06-01T02:12:53+00:00 7d4e49a77d9930c69751b9192448fda6ff9100f1 Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "hung_task: extend blocking task stacktrace dump to semaphore" from Lance Yang enhances the hung task detector. The detector presently dumps the blocking tasks's stack when it is blocked on a mutex. Lance's series extends this to semaphores - "nilfs2: improve sanity checks in dirty state propagation" from Wentao Liang addresses a couple of minor flaws in nilfs2 - "scripts/gdb: Fixes related to lx_per_cpu()" from Illia Ostapyshyn fixes a couple of issues in the gdb scripts - "Support kdump with LUKS encryption by reusing LUKS volume keys" from Coiby Xu addresses a usability problem with kdump. When the dump device is LUKS-encrypted, the kdump kernel may not have the keys to the encrypted filesystem. A full writeup of this is in the series [0/N] cover letter - "sysfs: add counters for lockups and stalls" from Max Kellermann adds /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count - "fork: Page operation cleanups in the fork code" from Pasha Tatashin implements a number of code cleanups in fork.c - "scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early boot" from Ilya Leoshkevich fixes some s390 issues in the gdb scripts * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (67 commits) llist: make llist_add_batch() a static inline delayacct: remove redundant code and adjust indentation squashfs: add optional full compressed block caching crash_dump, nvme: select CONFIGFS_FS as built-in scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early boot scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out pagination_off() scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out get_vmlinux() kernel/panic.c: format kernel-doc comments mailmap: update and consolidate Casey Connolly's name and email nilfs2: remove wbc->for_reclaim handling fork: define a local GFP_VMAP_STACK fork: check charging success before zeroing stack fork: clean-up naming of vm_stack/vm_struct variables in vmap stacks code fork: clean-up ifdef logic around stack allocation kernel/rcu/tree_stall: add /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count kernel/watchdog: add /sys/kernel/{hard,soft}lockup_count x86/crash: make the page that stores the dm crypt keys inaccessible x86/crash: pass dm crypt keys to kdump kernel Revert "x86/mm: Remove unused __set_memory_prot()" crash_dump: retrieve dm crypt keys in kdump kernel ... 
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "hung_task: extend blocking task stacktrace dump to semaphore" from
   Lance Yang enhances the hung task detector.

   The detector presently dumps the blocking tasks's stack when it is
   blocked on a mutex. Lance's series extends this to semaphores

 - "nilfs2: improve sanity checks in dirty state propagation" from
   Wentao Liang addresses a couple of minor flaws in nilfs2

 - "scripts/gdb: Fixes related to lx_per_cpu()" from Illia Ostapyshyn
   fixes a couple of issues in the gdb scripts

 - "Support kdump with LUKS encryption by reusing LUKS volume keys" from
   Coiby Xu addresses a usability problem with kdump.

   When the dump device is LUKS-encrypted, the kdump kernel may not have
   the keys to the encrypted filesystem. A full writeup of this is in
   the series [0/N] cover letter

 - "sysfs: add counters for lockups and stalls" from Max Kellermann adds
   /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and
   /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count

 - "fork: Page operation cleanups in the fork code" from Pasha Tatashin
   implements a number of code cleanups in fork.c

 - "scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early
   boot" from Ilya Leoshkevich fixes some s390 issues in the gdb
   scripts

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (67 commits)
  llist: make llist_add_batch() a static inline
  delayacct: remove redundant code and adjust indentation
  squashfs: add optional full compressed block caching
  crash_dump, nvme: select CONFIGFS_FS as built-in
  scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early boot
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out pagination_off()
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out get_vmlinux()
  kernel/panic.c: format kernel-doc comments
  mailmap: update and consolidate Casey Connolly's name and email
  nilfs2: remove wbc->for_reclaim handling
  fork: define a local GFP_VMAP_STACK
  fork: check charging success before zeroing stack
  fork: clean-up naming of vm_stack/vm_struct variables in vmap stacks code
  fork: clean-up ifdef logic around stack allocation
  kernel/rcu/tree_stall: add /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count
  kernel/watchdog: add /sys/kernel/{hard,soft}lockup_count
  x86/crash: make the page that stores the dm crypt keys inaccessible
  x86/crash: pass dm crypt keys to kdump kernel
  Revert "x86/mm: Remove unused __set_memory_prot()"
  crash_dump: retrieve dm crypt keys in kdump kernel
  ...