linux.git/kernel/Makefile, branch v6.6.132

kernel/numa.c: Move logging out of numa.h

2024-06-12T09:11:50+00:00

[ Upstream commit d7a73e3f089204aee3393687e23fd45a22657b08 ]

Moving these stub functions to a .c file means we can kill a sched.h
dependency on printk.h.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet 
Stable-dep-of: f9f67e5adc8d ("x86/numa: Fix SRAT lookup of CFMWS ranges with numa_fill_memblks()")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

Merge tag 'v6.5-rc1-modules-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux

2023-06-28T22:51:08+00:00

Pull module updates from Luis Chamberlain:
 "The changes queued up for modules are pretty tame, mostly code removal
  of moving of code.

  Only two minor functional changes are made, the only one which stands
  out is Sebastian Andrzej Siewior's simplification of module reference
  counting by removing preempt_disable() and that has been tested on
  linux-next for well over a month without no regressions.

  I'm now, I guess, also a kitchen sink for some kallsyms changes"

[ There was a mis-communication about the concurrent module load changes
  that I had expected to come through Luis despite me authoring the
  patch. So some of the module updates were left hanging in the email
  ether, and I just committed them separately.

  It's my bad - I should have made it more clear that I expected my
  own patches to come through the module tree too. Now they missed
  linux-next, but hopefully that won't cause any issues    - Linus ]

* tag 'v6.5-rc1-modules-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux:
  kallsyms: make kallsyms_show_value() as generic function
  kallsyms: move kallsyms_show_value() out of kallsyms.c
  kallsyms: remove unsed API lookup_symbol_attrs
  kallsyms: remove unused arch_get_kallsym() helper
  module: Remove preempt_disable() from module reference counting.

watchdog/hardlockup: detect hard lockups using secondary (buddy) CPUs

2023-06-10T00:44:21+00:00

Implement a hardlockup detector that doesn't doesn't need any extra
arch-specific support code to detect lockups.  Instead of using something
arch-specific we will use the buddy system, where each CPU watches out for
another one.  Specifically, each CPU will use its softlockup hrtimer to
check that the next CPU is processing hrtimer interrupts by verifying that
a counter is increasing.

NOTE: unlike the other hard lockup detectors, the buddy one can't easily
show what's happening on the CPU that locked up just by doing a simple
backtrace.  It relies on some other mechanism in the system to get
information about the locked up CPUs.  This could be support for NMI
backtraces like [1], it could be a mechanism for printing the PC of locked
CPUs at panic time like [2] / [3], or it could be something else.  Even
though that means we still rely on arch-specific code, this arch-specific
code seems to often be implemented even on architectures that don't have a
hardlockup detector.

This style of hardlockup detector originated in some downstream Android
trees and has been rebased on / carried in ChromeOS trees for quite a long
time for use on arm and arm64 boards.  Historically on these boards we've
leveraged mechanism [2] / [3] to get information about hung CPUs, but we
could move to [1].

Although the original motivation for the buddy system was for use on
systems without an arch-specific hardlockup detector, it can still be
useful to use even on systems that _do_ have an arch-specific hardlockup
detector.  On x86, for instance, there is a 24-part patch series [4] in
progress switching the arch-specific hard lockup detector from a scarce
perf counter to a less-scarce hardware resource.  Potentially the buddy
system could be a simpler alternative to free up the perf counter but
still get hard lockup detection.

Overall, pros (+) and cons (-) of the buddy system compared to an
arch-specific hardlockup detector (which might be implemented using
perf):
+ The buddy system is usable on systems that don't have an
  arch-specific hardlockup detector, like arm32 and arm64 (though it's
  being worked on for arm64 [5]).
+ The buddy system may free up scarce hardware resources.
+ If a CPU totally goes out to lunch (can't process NMIs) the buddy
  system could still detect the problem (though it would be unlikely
  to be able to get a stack trace).
+ The buddy system uses the same timer function to pet the hardlockup
  detector on the running CPU as it uses to detect hardlockups on
  other CPUs. Compared to other hardlockup detectors, this means it
  generates fewer interrupts and thus is likely better able to let
  CPUs stay idle longer.
- If all CPUs are hard locked up at the same time the buddy system
  can't detect it.
- If we don't have SMP we can't use the buddy system.
- The buddy system needs an arch-specific mechanism (possibly NMI
  backtrace) to get info about the locked up CPU.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230419225604.21204-1-dianders@chromium.org
[2] https://issuetracker.google.com/172213129
[3] https://docs.kernel.org/trace/coresight/coresight-cpu-debug.html
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230301234753.28582-1-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com/
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/20220903093415.15850-1-lecopzer.chen@mediatek.com/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230519101840.v5.14.I6bf789d21d0c3d75d382e7e51a804a7a51315f2c@changeid
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross 
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke 
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck 
Signed-off-by: Tzung-Bi Shih 
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson 
Cc: Andi Kleen 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai 
Cc: Christophe Leroy 
Cc: Daniel Thompson 
Cc: "David S. Miller" 
Cc: Ian Rogers 
Cc: Marc Zyngier 
Cc: Mark Rutland 
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Petr Mladek 
Cc: Pingfan Liu 
Cc: Randy Dunlap 
Cc: "Ravi V. Shankar" 
Cc: Ricardo Neri 
Cc: Stephane Eranian 
Cc: Stephen Boyd 
Cc: Sumit Garg 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

watchdog/perf: rename watchdog_hld.c to watchdog_perf.c

2023-06-10T00:44:19+00:00

The code currently in "watchdog_hld.c" is for detecting hardlockups using
perf, as evidenced by the line in the Makefile that only compiles this
file if CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF is defined.  Rename the file to
prepare for the buddy hardlockup detector, which doesn't use perf.

It could be argued that the new name makes it less obvious that this is a
hardlockup detector.  While true, it's not hard to remember that the
"perf" detector is always a hardlockup detector and it's nice not to have
names that are too convoluted.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230519101840.v5.7.Ice803cb078d0e15fb2cbf49132f096ee2bd4199d@changeid
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson 
Acked-by: Nicholas Piggin 
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek 
Cc: Andi Kleen 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai 
Cc: Christophe Leroy 
Cc: Colin Cross 
Cc: Daniel Thompson 
Cc: "David S. Miller" 
Cc: Guenter Roeck 
Cc: Ian Rogers 
Cc: Lecopzer Chen 
Cc: Marc Zyngier 
Cc: Mark Rutland 
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma 
Cc: Matthias Kaehlcke 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Pingfan Liu 
Cc: Randy Dunlap 
Cc: "Ravi V. Shankar" 
Cc: Ricardo Neri 
Cc: Stephane Eranian 
Cc: Stephen Boyd 
Cc: Sumit Garg 
Cc: Tzung-Bi Shih 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

kallsyms: move kallsyms_show_value() out of kallsyms.c

2023-06-08T19:27:20+00:00

function kallsyms_show_value() is used by other parts
like modules_open(), kprobes_read() etc. which can work in case of
!KALLSYMS also.

e.g. as of now lsmod do not show module address if KALLSYMS is disabled.
since kallsyms_show_value() defination is not present, it returns false
in !KALLSYMS.

/ # lsmod
test 12288 0 - Live 0x0000000000000000 (O)

So kallsyms_show_value() can be made generic
without dependency on KALLSYMS.

Thus moving out function to a new file ksyms_common.c.

With this patch code is just moved to new file
and no functional change.

Co-developed-by: Onkarnath 
Signed-off-by: Onkarnath 
Signed-off-by: Maninder Singh 
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei 
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain

Merge tag 'modules-6.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux

2023-04-27T23:36:55+00:00

Pull module updates from Luis Chamberlain:
 "The summary of the changes for this pull requests is:

   - Song Liu's new struct module_memory replacement

   - Nick Alcock's MODULE_LICENSE() removal for non-modules

   - My cleanups and enhancements to reduce the areas where we vmalloc
     module memory for duplicates, and the respective debug code which
     proves the remaining vmalloc pressure comes from userspace.

  Most of the changes have been in linux-next for quite some time except
  the minor fixes I made to check if a module was already loaded prior
  to allocating the final module memory with vmalloc and the respective
  debug code it introduces to help clarify the issue. Although the
  functional change is small it is rather safe as it can only *help*
  reduce vmalloc space for duplicates and is confirmed to fix a bootup
  issue with over 400 CPUs with KASAN enabled. I don't expect stable
  kernels to pick up that fix as the cleanups would have also had to
  have been picked up. Folks on larger CPU systems with modules will
  want to just upgrade if vmalloc space has been an issue on bootup.

  Given the size of this request, here's some more elaborate details:

  The functional change change in this pull request is the very first
  patch from Song Liu which replaces the 'struct module_layout' with a
  new 'struct module_memory'. The old data structure tried to put
  together all types of supported module memory types in one data
  structure, the new one abstracts the differences in memory types in a
  module to allow each one to provide their own set of details. This
  paves the way in the future so we can deal with them in a cleaner way.
  If you look at changes they also provide a nice cleanup of how we
  handle these different memory areas in a module. This change has been
  in linux-next since before the merge window opened for v6.3 so to
  provide more than a full kernel cycle of testing. It's a good thing as
  quite a bit of fixes have been found for it.

  Jason Baron then made dynamic debug a first class citizen module user
  by using module notifier callbacks to allocate / remove module
  specific dynamic debug information.

  Nick Alcock has done quite a bit of work cross-tree to remove module
  license tags from things which cannot possibly be module at my request
  so to:

   a) help him with his longer term tooling goals which require a
      deterministic evaluation if a piece a symbol code could ever be
      part of a module or not. But quite recently it is has been made
      clear that tooling is not the only one that would benefit.
      Disambiguating symbols also helps efforts such as live patching,
      kprobes and BPF, but for other reasons and R&D on this area is
      active with no clear solution in sight.

   b) help us inch closer to the now generally accepted long term goal
      of automating all the MODULE_LICENSE() tags from SPDX license tags

  In so far as a) is concerned, although module license tags are a no-op
  for non-modules, tools which would want create a mapping of possible
  modules can only rely on the module license tag after the commit
  8b41fc4454e ("kbuild: create modules.builtin without
  Makefile.modbuiltin or tristate.conf").

  Nick has been working on this *for years* and AFAICT I was the only
  one to suggest two alternatives to this approach for tooling. The
  complexity in one of my suggested approaches lies in that we'd need a
  possible-obj-m and a could-be-module which would check if the object
  being built is part of any kconfig build which could ever lead to it
  being part of a module, and if so define a new define
  -DPOSSIBLE_MODULE [0].

  A more obvious yet theoretical approach I've suggested would be to
  have a tristate in kconfig imply the same new -DPOSSIBLE_MODULE as
  well but that means getting kconfig symbol names mapping to modules
  always, and I don't think that's the case today. I am not aware of
  Nick or anyone exploring either of these options. Quite recently Josh
  Poimboeuf has pointed out that live patching, kprobes and BPF would
  benefit from resolving some part of the disambiguation as well but for
  other reasons. The function granularity KASLR (fgkaslr) patches were
  mentioned but Joe Lawrence has clarified this effort has been dropped
  with no clear solution in sight [1].

  In the meantime removing module license tags from code which could
  never be modules is welcomed for both objectives mentioned above. Some
  developers have also welcomed these changes as it has helped clarify
  when a module was never possible and they forgot to clean this up, and
  so you'll see quite a bit of Nick's patches in other pull requests for
  this merge window. I just picked up the stragglers after rc3. LWN has
  good coverage on the motivation behind this work [2] and the typical
  cross-tree issues he ran into along the way. The only concrete blocker
  issue he ran into was that we should not remove the MODULE_LICENSE()
  tags from files which have no SPDX tags yet, even if they can never be
  modules. Nick ended up giving up on his efforts due to having to do
  this vetting and backlash he ran into from folks who really did *not
  understand* the core of the issue nor were providing any alternative /
  guidance. I've gone through his changes and dropped the patches which
  dropped the module license tags where an SPDX license tag was missing,
  it only consisted of 11 drivers. To see if a pull request deals with a
  file which lacks SPDX tags you can just use:

    ./scripts/spdxcheck.py -f \
	$(git diff --name-only commid-id | xargs echo)

  You'll see a core module file in this pull request for the above, but
  that's not related to his changes. WE just need to add the SPDX
  license tag for the kernel/module/kmod.c file in the future but it
  demonstrates the effectiveness of the script.

  Most of Nick's changes were spread out through different trees, and I
  just picked up the slack after rc3 for the last kernel was out. Those
  changes have been in linux-next for over two weeks.

  The cleanups, debug code I added and final fix I added for modules
  were motivated by David Hildenbrand's report of boot failing on a
  systems with over 400 CPUs when KASAN was enabled due to running out
  of virtual memory space. Although the functional change only consists
  of 3 lines in the patch "module: avoid allocation if module is already
  present and ready", proving that this was the best we can do on the
  modules side took quite a bit of effort and new debug code.

  The initial cleanups I did on the modules side of things has been in
  linux-next since around rc3 of the last kernel, the actual final fix
  for and debug code however have only been in linux-next for about a
  week or so but I think it is worth getting that code in for this merge
  window as it does help fix / prove / evaluate the issues reported with
  larger number of CPUs. Userspace is not yet fixed as it is taking a
  bit of time for folks to understand the crux of the issue and find a
  proper resolution. Worst come to worst, I have a kludge-of-concept [3]
  of how to make kernel_read*() calls for modules unique / converge
  them, but I'm currently inclined to just see if userspace can fix this
  instead"

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y/kXDqW+7d71C4wz@bombadil.infradead.org/ [0]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/025f2151-ce7c-5630-9b90-98742c97ac65@redhat.com [1]
Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/927569/ [2]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230414052840.1994456-3-mcgrof@kernel.org [3]

* tag 'modules-6.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux: (121 commits)
  module: add debugging auto-load duplicate module support
  module: stats: fix invalid_mod_bytes typo
  module: remove use of uninitialized variable len
  module: fix building stats for 32-bit targets
  module: stats: include uapi/linux/module.h
  module: avoid allocation if module is already present and ready
  module: add debug stats to help identify memory pressure
  module: extract patient module check into helper
  modules/kmod: replace implementation with a semaphore
  Change DEFINE_SEMAPHORE() to take a number argument
  module: fix kmemleak annotations for non init ELF sections
  module: Ignore L0 and rename is_arm_mapping_symbol()
  module: Move is_arm_mapping_symbol() to module_symbol.h
  module: Sync code of is_arm_mapping_symbol()
  scripts/gdb: use mem instead of core_layout to get the module address
  interconnect: remove module-related code
  interconnect: remove MODULE_LICENSE in non-modules
  zswap: remove MODULE_LICENSE in non-modules
  zpool: remove MODULE_LICENSE in non-modules
  x86/mm/dump_pagetables: remove MODULE_LICENSE in non-modules
  ...

module: fold usermode helper kmod into modules directory

2023-03-24T18:33:08+00:00

The kernel/kmod.c is already only built if we enabled modules, so
just stuff it under kernel/module/kmod.c and unify the MAINTAINERS
file for it.

Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain

vhost_task: Allow vhost layer to use copy_process

2023-03-23T11:45:36+00:00

Qemu will create vhost devices in the kernel which perform network, SCSI,
etc IO and management operations from worker threads created by the
kthread API. Because the kthread API does a copy_process on the kthreadd
thread, the vhost layer has to use kthread_use_mm to access the Qemu
thread's memory and cgroup_attach_task_all to add itself to the Qemu
thread's cgroups, and it bypasses the RLIMIT_NPROC limit which can result
in VMs creating more threads than the admin expected.

This patch adds a new struct vhost_task which can be used instead of
kthreads. They allow the vhost layer to use copy_process and inherit
the userspace process's mm and cgroups, the task is accounted for
under the userspace's nproc count and can be seen in its process tree,
and other features like namespaces work and are inherited by default.

Signed-off-by: Mike Christie 
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin 
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) 
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner

Merge tag 'hardening-v6.2-rc1-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

2022-12-23T20:00:24+00:00

Pull kernel hardening fixes from Kees Cook:

 - Fix CFI failure with KASAN (Sami Tolvanen)

 - Fix LKDTM + CFI under GCC 7 and 8 (Kristina Martsenko)

 - Limit CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS to Clang > 15.0.6 (Nathan
   Chancellor)

 - Ignore "contents" argument in LoadPin's LSM hook handling

 - Fix paste-o in /sys/kernel/warn_count API docs

 - Use READ_ONCE() consistently for oops/warn limit reading

* tag 'hardening-v6.2-rc1-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  cfi: Fix CFI failure with KASAN
  exit: Use READ_ONCE() for all oops/warn limit reads
  security: Restrict CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS to gcc or clang > 15.0.6
  lkdtm: cfi: Make PAC test work with GCC 7 and 8
  docs: Fix path paste-o for /sys/kernel/warn_count
  LoadPin: Ignore the "contents" argument of the LSM hooks

cfi: Fix CFI failure with KASAN

2022-12-23T18:04:31+00:00

When CFI_CLANG and KASAN are both enabled, LLVM doesn't generate a
CFI type hash for asan.module_ctor functions in translation units
where CFI is disabled, which leads to a CFI failure during boot when
do_ctors calls the affected constructors:

  CFI failure at do_basic_setup+0x64/0x90 (target:
  asan.module_ctor+0x0/0x28; expected type: 0xa540670c)

Specifically, this happens because CFI is disabled for
kernel/cfi.c. There's no reason to keep CFI disabled here anymore, so
fix the failure by not filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI for the file.

Note that https://reviews.llvm.org/rG3b14862f0a96 fixed the issue
where LLVM didn't emit CFI type hashes for any sanitizer constructors,
but now type hashes are emitted correctly for TUs that use CFI.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1742
Fixes: 89245600941e ("cfi: Switch to -fsanitize=kcfi")
Reported-by: Mark Rutland 
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen 
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221222225747.3538676-1-samitolvanen@google.com