Add the `static_assert!` macro, which is a compile-time assert, similar
to the C11 `_Static_assert` and C++11 `static_assert` declarations [1,2].
Do so in a new module, called `static_assert`.

For instance:

    static_assert!(42 > 24);
    static_assert!(core::mem::size_of::<u8>() == 1);

    const X: &[u8] = b"bar";
    static_assert!(X[1] == b'a');

    const fn f(x: i32) -> i32 {
        x + 2
    }
    static_assert!(f(40) == 42);

Link: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/_Static_assert [1]
Link: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/static_assert [2]
Co-developed-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>