License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

71 files changed, 71 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENbzero.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENbzero.S
index 2fbf6297d57c..63d618857d49 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENbzero.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENbzero.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENbzero.S: Generic sparc64 memset/clear_user.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_from_user.S
index 8aa16ef113f2..6891a5678ea3 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENcopy_from_user.S: Generic sparc64 copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_to_user.S
index 311c8fa5e98e..df75b532a934 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENcopy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENcopy_to_user.S: Generic sparc64 copy to userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENmemcpy.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENmemcpy.S
index 059ea24ad73d..114340a0d36e 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENmemcpy.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENmemcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENmemcpy.S: Generic sparc64 memcpy.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENpage.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENpage.S
index 2ef9d05f21bc..c143c4d1de3f 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENpage.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENpage.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENpage.S: Generic clear and copy page.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/GENpatch.S b/arch/sparc/lib/GENpatch.S
index 95e2f1f9e477..1ec1f02c8b7b 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/GENpatch.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/GENpatch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* GENpatch.S: Patch Ultra-I routines with generic variant.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/Makefile b/arch/sparc/lib/Makefile
index a1a2d39ec96e..44829a8dc458 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/Makefile
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Makefile for Sparc library files..
 #
 
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_from_user.S
index 0d8a018118c2..e57bc514f538 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG2copy_from_user.S: Niagara-2 optimized copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_to_user.S
index a7a0ea0d8a0b..367c0bf01518 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2copy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG2copy_to_user.S: Niagara-2 optimized copy to userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2memcpy.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2memcpy.S
index 64dcd6cdb606..bcb21b3a82f1 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2memcpy.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2memcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG2memcpy.S: Niagara-2 optimized memcpy.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2patch.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2patch.S
index 56ccc19adde8..72431b24491a 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG2patch.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG2patch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG2patch.S: Patch Ultra-I routines with Niagara-2 variant.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4clear_page.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4clear_page.S
index e16c88204a42..97e2678d042a 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4clear_page.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4clear_page.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4copy_page.S: Niagara-4 optimized clear page.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_from_user.S
index 5bb506bd61fa..0cac15a6db3c 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4copy_from_user.S: Niagara-4 optimized copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_page.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_page.S
index 28504e88c535..581062f8ba5f 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_page.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_page.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4copy_page.S: Niagara-4 optimized copy page.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_to_user.S
index a82d4d45fc1c..c5c9abb3cb77 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4copy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4copy_to_user.S: Niagara-4 optimized copy to userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memcpy.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memcpy.S
index b5dacd1d2078..7ad58ebe0d00 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memcpy.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4memcpy.S: Niagara-4 optimized memcpy.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memset.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memset.S
index 7c0c81f18837..f81ee5419e2c 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memset.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4memset.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4memset.S: Niagara-4 optimized memset/bzero.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4patch.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4patch.S
index 3cc0f8cc95df..aa58ab39f9a6 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NG4patch.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NG4patch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NG4patch.S: Patch Ultra-I routines with Niagara-4 variant.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGbzero.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGbzero.S
index 33053bdf3766..19327614d57d 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGbzero.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGbzero.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGbzero.S: Niagara optimized memset/clear_user.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_from_user.S
index 2333b6f3e824..9abc49fcdbbe 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGcopy_from_user.S: Niagara optimized copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_to_user.S
index 07ba20bc4ea4..9cbe2f18e5cc 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGcopy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGcopy_to_user.S: Niagara optimized copy to userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGmemcpy.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGmemcpy.S
index cd654a719b27..8e4d22a6ba0b 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGmemcpy.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGmemcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGmemcpy.S: Niagara optimized memcpy.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGpage.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGpage.S
index 423d46e2258b..88fec7818065 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGpage.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGpage.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGpage.S: Niagara optimize clear and copy page.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/NGpatch.S b/arch/sparc/lib/NGpatch.S
index 62ccda7e7b38..e9f843f1063e 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/NGpatch.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/NGpatch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* NGpatch.S: Patch Ultra-I routines with Niagara variant.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/PeeCeeI.c b/arch/sparc/lib/PeeCeeI.c
index e6d183675990..cde4c9a51b2e 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/PeeCeeI.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/PeeCeeI.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * PeeCeeI.c: The emerging standard...
  *
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_from_user.S
index 9a6e68a9bf4a..bf08d1c78836 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* U1copy_from_user.S: UltraSparc-I/II/IIi/IIe optimized copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2004 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_to_user.S
index d7b28491eddf..15169851e7ab 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/U1copy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* U1copy_to_user.S: UltraSparc-I/II/IIi/IIe optimized copy to userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2004 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/U1memcpy.S b/arch/sparc/lib/U1memcpy.S
index 4f0d50b33a72..a6f4ee391897 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/U1memcpy.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/U1memcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* U1memcpy.S: UltraSPARC-I/II/IIi/IIe optimized memcpy.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1997, 2004 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_from_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_from_user.S
index db73010a1af8..9c891e9edc7b 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* U3copy_from_user.S: UltraSparc-III optimized copy from userspace.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2004 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_to_user.S b/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_to_user.S
index f48fb87fe9f2..da424608272c 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/lib/U3copy_to_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-