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The documentation on testing static functions using the KUnit macros
VISIBLE_IF_KUNIT and EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT is lacking clarity and
missing key steps in the example. This has caused bugs and confusion
among developers.
Improve wording of description and add missing steps to the example.
This entails adding the "#include <kunit/visibility.h>" line and the
"MODULE_IMPORT_NS(EXPORTED_FOR_KUNIT_TESTING);" line. Both of which were
missing from the original example and key to exposing static functions.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250516190631.1214081-1-rmoar@google.com
Signed-off-by: Rae Moar <rmoar@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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To implement custom scripting around kunit.py it is useful to get a list of
available architectures. While it is possible to manually inspect
tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/, this is annoying to implement and
introduces a dependency on a kunit.py implementation detail.
Introduce 'kunit.py run --arch help' which lists all known architectures
in an easy to parse list. This is equivalent on how QEMU implements
listing of possible argument values.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250415-kunit-list-v2-1-aa452cd317ae@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Rae Moar <rmoar@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Improve performance in gendwarfksyms
- Remove deprecated EXTRA_*FLAGS and KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS
- Support CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL for ARCH=um
- Use more relative paths to sources files for better reproducibility
- Support the loong64 Debian architecture
- Add Kbuild bash completion
- Introduce intermediate vmlinux.unstripped for architectures that need
static relocations to be stripped from the final vmlinux
- Fix versioning in Debian packages for -rc releases
- Treat missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION() as an error
- Convert Nios2 Makefiles to use the generic rule for built-in DTB
- Add debuginfo support to the RPM package
* tag 'kbuild-v6.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (40 commits)
kbuild: rpm-pkg: build a debuginfo RPM
kconfig: merge_config: use an empty file as initfile
nios2: migrate to the generic rule for built-in DTB
rust: kbuild: skip `--remap-path-prefix` for `rustdoc`
kbuild: pacman-pkg: hardcode module installation path
kbuild: deb-pkg: don't set KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION unconditionally
modpost: require a MODULE_DESCRIPTION()
kbuild: make all file references relative to source root
x86: drop unnecessary prefix map configuration
kbuild: deb-pkg: add comment about future removal of KDEB_COMPRESS
kbuild: Add a help message for "headers"
kbuild: deb-pkg: remove "version" variable in mkdebian
kbuild: deb-pkg: fix versioning for -rc releases
Documentation/kbuild: Fix indentation in modules.rst example
x86: Get rid of Makefile.postlink
kbuild: Create intermediate vmlinux build with relocations preserved
kbuild: Introduce Kconfig symbol for linking vmlinux with relocations
kbuild: link-vmlinux.sh: Make output file name configurable
kbuild: do not generate .tmp_vmlinux*.map when CONFIG_VMLINUX_MAP=y
Revert "kheaders: Ignore silly-rename files"
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Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"It has been a reasonably busy cycle for docs...
- Significant changes throughout the tree to bring Python code up to
current standards and raise the minimum Python required to 3.9
Much of this is preparatory to replacing the ancient Perl
scripts/kernel-doc horror with a slightly less horrifying Python
implementation, expected for 6.16
- Update the minimum Sphinx required to 3.4.3, allowing us to remove
a bunch of older compatibility code
- Rework and improve the generation of the ABI documentation
(All of the above done by Mauro)
- Lots of translation updates. Alex Shi and Yanteng Si are taking on
responsibility for the Chinese translations going forward; that
work will still get to you via docs-next
- Try to standardize the format for indicating a developer's
affiliation in commit tags
- Clarify the TAB's role in CoC enforcement actions
- Try to spell out the rules for when a commit tag can name another
developer without their explicit permission
Plus lots of other typo fixes and updates"
* tag 'docs-6.15' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (98 commits)
docs/zh_CN: fix spelling mistake
docs/Chinese: change the disclaimer words
docs/zh_CN: Add snp-tdx-threat-model index Chinese translation
docs: driver-api: firmware: clarify userspace requirements
docs: clarify rules wrt tagging other people
docs: Remove outdated highuid.rst documentation
Documentation: dma-buf: heaps: Add heap name definitions
docs/.../submit-checklist: Use Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst for cross-ref of README
docs: Correct installation instruction
Documentation: kcsan: fix "Plain Accesses and Data Races" URL in kcsan.rst
Documentation/CoC: Spell out the TAB role in enforcement decisions
Documentation: ocxl.rst: Update consortium site
scripts: get_feat.pl: substitute s390x with s390
scripts/kernel-doc: drop dead code for Wcontents_before_sections
scripts/kernel-doc: don't add not needed new lines
docs: driver-api/infiniband.rst: fix Kerneldoc markup
drivers: firewire: firewire-cdev.h: fix identation on a kernel-doc markup
drivers: media: intel-ipu3.h: fix identation on a kernel-doc markup
include/asm-generic/io.h: fix kerneldoc markup
Docs/arch/arm64: Fix spelling in amu.rst
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Commit f77bf01425b1 ("kbuild: introduce ccflags-y, asflags-y and
ldflags-y") deprecated these in 2007. The migration should have been
completed by now.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
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Convert the printf() self-test to a KUnit test.
In the interest of keeping the patch reasonably-sized this doesn't
refactor the tests into proper parameterized tests - it's all one big
test case.
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307-printf-kunit-convert-v6-1-4d85c361c241@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
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Make the URL point to the "Plain Accesses and Data Races" section again
and prevent it from becoming stale by adding a commit id to it.
Signed-off-by: Ignacio Encinas <ignacio@iencinas.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306-fix-plain-access-url-v1-1-9c653800f9e0@iencinas.com
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Move gdb and kgdb debugging documentation to the dedicated
debugging directory (Documentation/process/debugging/).
Adjust the index.rst files to follow the file movement.
Adjust files that refer to these moved files to follow the file movement.
Update location of kgdb.rst in MAINTAINERS file.
Add a link from dev-tools/index to process/debugging/index.
Note: translations are not updated.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Fricke <sebastian.fricke@collabora.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: workflows@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <danielt@kernel.org>
Cc: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Cc: linux-debuggers@vger.kernel.org
Cc: kgdb-bugreport@lists.sourceforge.net
Cc: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Cc: Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Thompson <danielt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241210000041.305477-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
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:kyb: is an extra markup that we should avoid when we can.
It worsens the plain-text reading experience and adds very little value
to rendered views.
Remove all :kbd: tags from Documentation/*
Signed-off-by: Cengiz Can <cengiz@kernel.wtf>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241202090514.1716-1-cengiz@kernel.wtf
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Add generic support for built-in boot DTB files
- Enable TAB cycling for dialog buttons in nconfig
- Fix issues in streamline_config.pl
- Refactor Kconfig
- Add support for Clang's AutoFDO (Automatic Feedback-Directed
Optimization)
- Add support for Clang's Propeller, a profile-guided optimization.
- Change the working directory to the external module directory for M=
builds
- Support building external modules in a separate output directory
- Enable objtool for *.mod.o and additional kernel objects
- Use lz4 instead of deprecated lz4c
- Work around a performance issue with "git describe"
- Refactor modpost
* tag 'kbuild-v6.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (85 commits)
kbuild: rename .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms0.syms to .tmp_vmlinux0.syms
gitignore: Don't ignore 'tags' directory
kbuild: add dependency from vmlinux to resolve_btfids
modpost: replace tdb_hash() with hash_str()
kbuild: deb-pkg: add python3:native to build dependency
genksyms: reduce indentation in export_symbol()
modpost: improve error messages in device_id_check()
modpost: rename alias symbol for MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE()
modpost: rename variables in handle_moddevtable()
modpost: move strstarts() to modpost.h
modpost: convert do_usb_table() to a generic handler
modpost: convert do_of_table() to a generic handler
modpost: convert do_pnp_device_entry() to a generic handler
modpost: convert do_pnp_card_entries() to a generic handler
modpost: call module_alias_printf() from all do_*_entry() functions
modpost: pass (struct module *) to do_*_entry() functions
modpost: remove DEF_FIELD_ADDR_VAR() macro
modpost: deduplicate MODULE_ALIAS() for all drivers
modpost: introduce module_alias_printf() helper
modpost: remove unnecessary check in do_acpi_entry()
...
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Currently, Kbuild always operates in the output directory of the kernel,
even when building external modules. This increases the risk of external
module Makefiles attempting to write to the kernel directory.
This commit switches the working directory to the external module
directory, allowing the removal of the $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/ prefix from
some build artifacts.
The command for building external modules maintains backward
compatibility, but Makefiles that rely on working in the kernel
directory may break. In such cases, $(objtree) and $(srctree) should
be used to refer to the output and source directories of the kernel.
The appearance of the build log will change as follows:
[Before]
$ make -C /path/to/my/linux M=/path/to/my/externel/module
make: Entering directory '/path/to/my/linux'
CC [M] /path/to/my/externel/module/helloworld.o
MODPOST /path/to/my/externel/module/Module.symvers
CC [M] /path/to/my/externel/module/helloworld.mod.o
CC [M] /path/to/my/externel/module/.module-common.o
LD [M] /path/to/my/externel/module/helloworld.ko
make: Leaving directory '/path/to/my/linux'
[After]
$ make -C /path/to/my/linux M=/path/to/my/externel/module
make: Entering directory '/path/to/my/linux'
make[1]: Entering directory '/path/to/my/externel/module'
CC [M] helloworld.o
MODPOST Module.symvers
CC [M] helloworld.mod.o
CC [M] .module-common.o
LD [M] helloworld.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/path/to/my/externel/module'
make: Leaving directory '/path/to/my/linux'
Printing "Entering directory" twice is cumbersome. This will be
addressed later.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
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Add the build support for using Clang's Propeller optimizer. Like
AutoFDO, Propeller uses hardware sampling to gather information
about the frequency of execution of different code paths within a
binary. This information is then used to guide the compiler's
optimization decisions, resulting in a more efficient binary.
The support requires a Clang compiler LLVM 19 or later, and the
create_llvm_prof tool
(https://github.com/google/autofdo/releases/tag/v0.30.1). This
commit is limited to x86 platforms that support PMU features
like LBR on Intel machines and AMD Zen3 BRS.
Here is an example workflow for building an AutoFDO+Propeller
optimized kernel:
1) Build the kernel on the host machine, with AutoFDO and Propeller
build config
CONFIG_AUTOFDO_CLANG=y
CONFIG_PROPELLER_CLANG=y
then
$ make LLVM=1 CLANG_AUTOFDO_PROFILE=<autofdo_profile>
“<autofdo_profile>” is the profile collected when doing a non-Propeller
AutoFDO build. This step builds a kernel that has the same optimization
level as AutoFDO, plus a metadata section that records basic block
information. This kernel image runs as fast as an AutoFDO optimized
kernel.
2) Install the kernel on test/production machines.
3) Run the load tests. The '-c' option in perf specifies the sample
event period. We suggest using a suitable prime number,
like 500009, for this purpose.
For Intel platforms:
$ perf record -e BR_INST_RETIRED.NEAR_TAKEN:k -a -N -b -c <count> \
-o <perf_file> -- <loadtest>
For AMD platforms:
The supported system are: Zen3 with BRS, or Zen4 with amd_lbr_v2
# To see if Zen3 support LBR:
$ cat proc/cpuinfo | grep " brs"
# To see if Zen4 support LBR:
$ cat proc/cpuinfo | grep amd_lbr_v2
# If the result is yes, then collect the profile using:
$ perf record --pfm-events RETIRED_TAKEN_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS:k -a \
-N -b -c <count> -o <perf_file> -- <loadtest>
4) (Optional) Download the raw perf file to the host machine.
5) Generate Propeller profile:
$ create_llvm_prof --binary=<vmlinux> --profile=<perf_file> \
--format=propeller --propeller_output_module_name \
--out=<propeller_profile_prefix>_cc_profile.txt \
--propeller_symorder=<propeller_profile_prefix>_ld_profile.txt
“create_llvm_prof” is the profile conversion tool, and a prebuilt
binary for linux can be found on
https://github.com/google/autofdo/releases/tag/v0.30.1 (can also build
from source).
"<propeller_profile_prefix>" can be something like
"/home/user/dir/any_string".
This command generates a pair of Propeller profiles:
"<propeller_profile_prefix>_cc_profile.txt" and
"<propeller_profile_prefix>_ld_profile.txt".
6) Rebuild the kernel using the AutoFDO and Propeller profile files.
CONFIG_AUTOFDO_CLANG=y
CONFIG_PROPELLER_CLANG=y
and
$ make LLVM=1 CLANG_AUTOFDO_PROFILE=<autofdo_profile> \
CLANG_PROPELLER_PROFILE_PREFIX=<propeller_profile_prefix>
Co-developed-by: Han Shen <shenhan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Han Shen <shenhan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Rong Xu <xur@google.com>
Suggested-by: Sriraman Tallam <tmsriram@google.com>
Suggested-by: Krzysztof Pszeniczny <kpszeniczny@google.com>
Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Tested-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- The series "zram: optimal post-processing target selection" from
Sergey Senozhatsky improves zram's post-processing selection
algorithm. This leads to improved memory savings.
- Wei Yang has gone to town on the mapletree code, contributing several
series which clean up the implementation:
- "refine mas_mab_cp()"
- "Reduce the space to be cleared for maple_big_node"
- "maple_tree: simplify mas_push_node()"
- "Following cleanup after introduce mas_wr_store_type()"
- "refine storing null"
- The series "selftests/mm: hugetlb_fault_after_madv improvements" from
David Hildenbrand fixes this selftest for s390.
- The series "introduce pte_offset_map_{ro|rw}_nolock()" from Qi Zheng
implements some rationaizations and cleanups in the page mapping
code.
- The series "mm: optimize shadow entries removal" from Shakeel Butt
optimizes the file truncation code by speeding up the handling of
shadow entries.
- The series "Remove PageKsm()" from Matthew Wilcox completes the
migration of this flag over to being a folio-based flag.
- The series "Unify hugetlb into arch_get_unmapped_area functions" from
Oscar Salvador implements a bunch of consolidations and cleanups in
the hugetlb code.
- The series "Do not shatter hugezeropage on wp-fault" from Dev Jain
takes away the wp-fault time practice of turning a huge zero page
into small pages. Instead we replace the whole thing with a THP. More
consistent cleaner and potentiall saves a large number of pagefaults.
- The series "percpu: Add a test case and fix for clang" from Andy
Shevchenko enhances and fixes the kernel's built in percpu test code.
- The series "mm/mremap: Remove extra vma tree walk" from Liam Howlett
optimizes mremap() by avoiding doing things which we didn't need to
do.
- The series "Improve the tmpfs large folio read performance" from
Baolin Wang teaches tmpfs to copy data into userspace at the folio
size rather than as individual pages. A 20% speedup was observed.
- The series "mm/damon/vaddr: Fix issue in
damon_va_evenly_split_region()" fro Zheng Yejian fixes DAMON
splitting.
- The series "memcg-v1: fully deprecate charge moving" from Shakeel
Butt removes the long-deprecated memcgv2 charge moving feature.
- The series "fix error handling in mmap_region() and refactor" from
Lorenzo Stoakes cleanup up some of the mmap() error handling and
addresses some potential performance issues.
- The series "x86/module: use large ROX pages for text allocations"
from Mike Rapoport teaches x86 to use large pages for
read-only-execute module text.
- The series "page allocation tag compression" from Suren Baghdasaryan
is followon maintenance work for the new page allocation profiling
feature.
- The series "page->index removals in mm" from Matthew Wilcox remove
most references to page->index in mm/. A slow march towards shrinking
struct page.
- The series "damon/{self,kunit}tests: minor fixups for DAMON debugfs
interface tests" from Andrew Paniakin performs maintenance work for
DAMON's self testing code.
- The series "mm: zswap swap-out of large folios" from Kanchana Sridhar
improves zswap's batching of compression and decompression. It is a
step along the way towards using Intel IAA hardware acceleration for
this zswap operation.
- The series "kasan: migrate the last module test to kunit" from
Sabyrzhan Tasbolatov completes the migration of the KASAN built-in
tests over to the KUnit framework.
- The series "implement lightweight guard pages" from Lorenzo Stoakes
permits userapace to place fault-generating guard pages within a
single VMA, rather than requiring that multiple VMAs be created for
this. Improved efficiencies for userspace memory allocators are
expected.
- The series "memcg: tracepoint for flushing stats" from JP Kobryn uses
tracepoints to provide increased visibility into memcg stats flushing
activity.
- The series "zram: IDLE flag handling fixes" from Sergey Senozhatsky
fixes a zram buglet which potentially affected performance.
- The series "mm: add more kernel parameters to control mTHP" from
Maíra Canal enhances our ability to control/configuremultisize THP
from the kernel boot command line.
- The series "kasan: few improvements on kunit tests" from Sabyrzhan
Tasbolatov has a couple of fixups for the KASAN KUnit tests.
- The series "mm/list_lru: Split list_lru lock into per-cgroup scope"
from Kairui Song optimizes list_lru memory utilization when lockdep
is enabled.
* tag 'mm-stable-2024-11-18-19-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (215 commits)
cma: enforce non-zero pageblock_order during cma_init_reserved_mem()
mm/kfence: add a new kunit test test_use_after_free_read_nofault()
zram: fix NULL pointer in comp_algorithm_show()
memcg/hugetlb: add hugeTLB counters to memcg
vmstat: call fold_vm_zone_numa_events() before show per zone NUMA event
mm: mmap_lock: check trace_mmap_lock_$type_enabled() instead of regcount
zram: ZRAM_DEF_COMP should depend on ZRAM
MAINTAINERS/MEMORY MANAGEMENT: add document files for mm
Docs/mm/damon: recommend academic papers to read and/or cite
mm: define general function pXd_init()
kmemleak: iommu/iova: fix transient kmemleak false positive
mm/list_lru: simplify the list_lru walk callback function
mm/list_lru: split the lock to per-cgroup scope
mm/list_lru: simplify reparenting and initial allocation
mm/list_lru: code clean up for reparenting
mm/list_lru: don't export list_lru_add
mm/list_lru: don't pass unnecessary key parameters
kasan: add kunit tests for kmalloc_track_caller, kmalloc_node_track_caller
kasan: change kasan_atomics kunit test as KUNIT_CASE_SLOW
kasan: use EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT to export symbols
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest
Pull kselftest update from Shuah Khan:
"timer test:
- remove duplicate defines
- fixes to improve error reporting
rtc test:
- check rtc alarm status in alarm test
resctrl test:
- add array overrun checks during iMC config parsing code and when
reading strings
- fixes and reorganizing code"
* tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: (23 commits)
selftests/resctrl: Replace magic constants used as array size
selftests/resctrl: Keep results from first test run
selftests/resctrl: Do not compare performance counters and resctrl at low bandwidth
selftests/resctrl: Use cache size to determine "fill_buf" buffer size
selftests/resctrl: Ensure measurements skip initialization of default benchmark
selftests/resctrl: Make benchmark parameter passing robust
selftests/resctrl: Remove unused measurement code
selftests/resctrl: Only support measured read operation
selftests/resctrl: Remove "once" parameter required to be false
selftests/resctrl: Make wraparound handling obvious
selftests/resctrl: Protect against array overflow when reading strings
selftests/resctrl: Protect against array overrun during iMC config parsing
selftests/resctrl: Fix memory overflow due to unhandled wraparound
selftests/resctrl: Print accurate buffer size as part of MBM results
selftests/resctrl: Make functions only used in same file static
selftests: Add a test mangling with uc_sigmask
selftests: Rename sigaltstack to generic signal
selftest: rtc: Add to check rtc alarm status for alarm related test
selftests:timers: remove local CLOCKID defines
selftests: timers: Remove unneeded semicolon
...
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Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"Another moderately busy cycle in docsland:
- Work on Chinese translations has picked up again. Happily, they are
maintaining the existing translations and not just adding new ones.
- Some maintenance of the Japanese and Italian translations as well.
- The removal of the venerable "dontdiff" file. It has long outlived
its usefulness and contained entries ("parse.*") that would
actively mask actual source change.
- The addition of enforcement information to the code-of-conduct
documentation.
Along with some build-system fixes and a lot of typo and language
fixes"
* tag 'docs-6.13' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (52 commits)
Documentation/CoC: spell out enforcement for unacceptable behaviors
docs: fix typos and whitespace in Documentation/process/backporting.rst
docs/zh_CN: fix one sentence in llvm.rst
docs: bug-bisect: add a note about bisecting -next
docs/zh_CN: add the translation of kbuild/llvm.rst
Documentation: Fix incorrect paths/magic in magic numbers rst
Documentation/maintainer-tip: Fix typos
Documentation: Improve crash_kexec_post_notifiers description
Docs/zh_CN: Translate physical_memory.rst to Simplified Chinese
Documentation: admin: reorganize kernel-parameters intro
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of process/programming-language.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/page_owner.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/page_table_check.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/overcommit-accounting.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/admon/faq.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/active_mm.rst
docs/zh_CN: update the translation of mm/hmm.rst
docs: remove Documentation/dontdiff
docs/zh_CN: Add a entry in Chinese glossary
Docs/zh_CN: Fix the pfn calculation error in page_tables.rst
...
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The introduction of iova_depot_pop() in 911aa1245da8 ("iommu/iova: Make
the rcache depot scale better") confused kmemleak by moving a struct
iova_magazine object from a singly linked list to rcache->depot and
resetting the 'next' pointer referencing it. Unlike doubly linked lists,
the content of the object being referred is never changed on removal from
a singly linked list and the kmemleak checksum heuristics do not detect
such scenario. This leads to false positives like:
unreferenced object 0xffff8881a5301000 (size 1024):
comm "softirq", pid 0, jiffies 4306297099 (age 462.991s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e7 7d 05 00 00 00 00 00 .........}......
0f b4 05 00 00 00 00 00 b4 96 05 00 00 00 00 00 ................
backtrace:
[<ffffffff819f5f08>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1e8/0x320
[<ffffffff818a239a>] kmalloc_trace+0x2a/0x60
[<ffffffff8231d31e>] free_iova_fast+0x28e/0x4e0
[<ffffffff82310860>] fq_ring_free_locked+0x1b0/0x310
[<ffffffff8231225d>] fq_flush_timeout+0x19d/0x2e0
[<ffffffff813e95ba>] call_timer_fn+0x19a/0x5c0
[<ffffffff813ea16b>] __run_timers+0x78b/0xb80
[<ffffffff813ea5bd>] run_timer_softirq+0x5d/0xd0
[<ffffffff82f1d915>] __do_softirq+0x205/0x8b5
Introduce kmemleak_transient_leak() which resets the object checksum
requiring another scan pass before it is reported (if still unreferenced).
Call this new API in iova_depot_pop().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241104111944.2207155-1-catalin.marinas@arm.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ZY1osaGLyT-sdKE8@shredder/
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reported-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@idosch.org>
Tested-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Since we've migrated all tests to the KUnit framework, we can delete
CONFIG_KASAN_MODULE_TEST and mentioning of it in the documentation as
well.
I've used the online translator to modify the non-English documentation.
[snovitoll@gmail.com: fix indentation in translation]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241020042813.3223449-1-snovitoll@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241016131802.3115788-4-snovitoll@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sabyrzhan Tasbolatov <snovitoll@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Add the build support for using Clang's AutoFDO. Building the kernel
with AutoFDO does not reduce the optimization level from the
compiler. AutoFDO uses hardware sampling to gather information about
the frequency of execution of different code paths within a binary.
This information is then used to guide the compiler's optimization
decisions, resulting in a more efficient binary. Experiments
showed that the kernel can improve up to 10% in latency.
The support requires a Clang compiler after LLVM 17. This submission
is limited to x86 platforms that support PMU features like LBR on
Intel machines and AMD Zen3 BRS. Support for SPE on ARM 1,
and BRBE on ARM 1 is part of planned future work.
Here is an example workflow for AutoFDO kernel:
1) Build the kernel on the host machine with LLVM enabled, for example,
$ make menuconfig LLVM=1
Turn on AutoFDO build config:
CONFIG_AUTOFDO_CLANG=y
With a configuration that has LLVM enabled, use the following
command:
scripts/config -e AUTOFDO_CLANG
After getting the config, build with
$ make LLVM=1
2) Install the kernel on the test machine.
3) Run the load tests. The '-c' option in perf specifies the sample
event period. We suggest using a suitable prime number,
like 500009, for this purpose.
For Intel platforms:
$ perf record -e BR_INST_RETIRED.NEAR_TAKEN:k -a -N -b -c <count> \
-o <perf_file> -- <loadtest>
For AMD platforms:
The supported system are: Zen3 with BRS, or Zen4 with amd_lbr_v2
For Zen3:
$ cat proc/cpuinfo | grep " brs"
For Zen4:
$ cat proc/cpuinfo | grep amd_lbr_v2
$ perf record --pfm-events RETIRED_TAKEN_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS:k -a \
-N -b -c <count> -o <perf_file> -- <loadtest>
4) (Optional) Download the raw perf file to the host machine.
5) To generate an AutoFDO profile, two offline tools are available:
create_llvm_prof and llvm_profgen. The create_llvm_prof tool is part
of the AutoFDO project and can be found on GitHub
(https://github.com/google/autofdo), version v0.30.1 or later. The
llvm_profgen tool is included in the LLVM compiler itself. It's
important to note that the version of llvm_profgen doesn't need to
match the version of Clang. It needs to be the LLVM 19 release or
later, or from the LLVM trunk.
$ llvm-profgen --kernel --binary=<vmlinux> --perfdata=<perf_file> \
-o <profile_file>
or
$ create_llvm_prof --binary=<vmlinux> --profile=<perf_file> \
--format=extbinary --out=<profile_file>
Note that multiple AutoFDO profile files can be merged into one via:
$ llvm-profdata merge -o <profile_file> <profile_1> ... <profile_n>
6) Rebuild the kernel using the AutoFDO profile file with the same config
as step 1, (Note CONFIG_AUTOFDO_CLANG needs to be enabled):
$ make LLVM=1 CLANG_AUTOFDO_PROFILE=<profile_file>
Co-developed-by: Han Shen <shenhan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Han Shen <shenhan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Rong Xu <xur@google.com>
Suggested-by: Sriraman Tallam <tmsriram@google.com>
Suggested-by: Krzysztof Pszeniczny <kpszeniczny@google.com>
Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Tested-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Tested-by: Yabin Cui <yabinc@google.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Peter Jung <ptr1337@cachyos.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
|
|
Minor grammar and typos fixed in the kgdb/kdb article
Signed-off-by: Nir Lichtman <nir@lichtman.org>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241018223536.GA799515@lichtman.org
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fix a typo in dev-tools/kmsan.rst
[jc: this is not really a typo, but "iff" is clearly a confusing construct
for non-native speakers; changing it will prevent people from trying to
"fix" it repeatedly.]
Signed-off-by: Haoyang Liu <tttturtleruss@hust.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241015140159.8082-1-tttturtleruss@hust.edu.cn
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|
checkpatch.pl checks for several things related to sleep and delay
functions. In all warnings the outdated documentation is referenced. Also
in checkpatch kernel documentation the outdated documentation is
referenced.
Replace the links to the outdated documentation with links to the function
description.
Note: Update of the outdated checkpatch checks is done in a second step.
Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Behnsen <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241014-devel-anna-maria-b4-timers-flseep-v3-10-dc8b907cb62f@linutronix.de
|
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Add documentation for the kselftests focused on testing devices and
point to it from the kselftest documentation. There are multiple tests
in this category so the aim of this page is to make it clear when to run
each test.
Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com>
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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|
Module kgdb had been converted to debug_core since commit c433820971ff
("Move kernel/kgdb.c to kernel/debug/debug_core.c") be added, so let's
correct the module parameter path.
Fixes: c433820971ff ("Move kernel/kgdb.c to kernel/debug/debug_core.c")
Signed-off-by: Changhuang Liang <changhuang.liang@starfivetech.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240925100742.1730576-1-changhuang.liang@starfivetech.com
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|
The previous website hosted on SourceForge is no longer available since
January 2024 according to archive.org [1].
It looks like the website has been officially moved to GitHub in June
2022 [2]. Best to redirect readers to the new location then.
Link: https://web.archive.org/web/20240105235756/https://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php [1]
Link: https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov/commit/6da8399c7a7a [2]
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240926-doc-fix-lcov-link-v1-1-46f250cb7173@kernel.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux
Pull clk updates from Stephen Boyd:
"The core clk framework is left largely untouched this time around
except for support for the newly ratified DT property
'assigned-clock-rates-u64'.
I'm much more excited about the support for loading DT overlays from
KUnit tests so that we can test how the clk framework parses DT nodes
during clk registration. The clk framework has some places that are
highly DeviceTree dependent so this charts the path to extend the
KUnit tests to cover even more framework code in the future. I've got
some more tests on the list that use the DT overlay support, but they
uncovered issues with clk unregistration that I'm still working on
fixing.
Outside the core, the clk driver update pile is dominated by Qualcomm
and Renesas SoCs, making it fairly usual. Looking closer, there are
fixes for things all over the place, like adding missing clk
frequencies or moving defines for the number of clks out of DT binding
headers into the drivers. There are even conversions of DT bindings to
YAML and migration away from strings to describe clk topology. Overall
it doesn't look unusual so I expect the new drivers to be where we'll
have fixes in the coming weeks.
Core:
- KUnit tests for clk registration and fixed rate basic clk type
- A couple more devm helpers, one consumer and one provider
- Support for assigned-clock-rates-u64
New Drivers:
- Camera, display and GPU clocks on Qualcomm SM4450
- Camera clocks on Qualcomm SM8150
- Rockchip rk3576 clks
- Microchip SAM9X7 clks
- Renesas RZ/V2H(P) (R9A09G057) clks
Updates:
- Mark a bunch of struct freq_tbl const to reduce .data usage
- Add Qualcomm MSM8226 A7PLL and Regera PLL support
- Fix the Qualcomm Lucid 5LPE PLL configuration sequence to not reuse
Trion, as they do differ
- A number of fixes to the Qualcomm SM8550 display clock driver
- Fold Qualcomm SM8650 display clock driver into SM8550 one
- Add missing clocks and GDSCs needed for audio on Qualcomm MSM8998
- Add missing USB MP resets, GPLL9, and QUPv3 DFS to Qualcomm SC8180X
- Fix sdcc clk frequency tables on Qualcomm SC8180X
- Drop the Qualcomm SM8150 gcc_cpuss_ahb_clk_src
- Mark Qualcomm PCIe GDSCs as RET_ON on sm8250 and sm8540 to avoid
them turning off during suspend
- Use the HW_CTRL mechanism on Qualcomm SM8550 video clock controller
GDSCs
- Get rid of CLK_NR_CLKS defines in Rockchip DT binding headers
- Some fixes for Rockchip rk3228 and rk3588
- Exynos850: Add clock for Thermal Management Unit
- Exynos7885: Fix duplicated ID in the header, add missing TOP PLLs
and add clocks for USB block in the FSYS clock controller
- ExynosAutov9: Add DPUM clock controller
- ExynosAutov920: Add new (first) clock controllers: TOP and PERIC0
(and a bit more complete bindings)
- Use clk_hw pointer instead of fw_name for acm_aud_clk[0-1]_sel
clocks on i.MX8Q as parents in ACM provider
- Add i.MX95 NETCMIX support to the block control provider
- Fix parents for ENETx_REF_SEL clocks on i.MX6UL
- Add USB clocks, resets and power domains on Renesas RZ/G3S
- Add Generic Timer (GTM), I2C Bus Interface (RIIC), SD/MMC Host
Interface (SDHI) and Watchdog Timer (WDT) clocks and resets on
Renesas RZ/V2H
- Add PCIe, PWM, and CAN-FD clocks on Renesas R-Car V4M
- Add LCD controller clocks and resets on Renesas RZ/G2UL
- Add DMA clocks and resets on Renesas RZ/G3S
- Add fractional multiplication PLL support on Renesas R-Car Gen4
- Document support for the Renesas RZ/G2M v3.0 (r8a774a3) SoC
- Support for the Microchip SAM9X7 SoC as follows:
- Updates for the Microchip PLL drivers
- DT binding documentation updates (for the new clock driver and for
the slow clock controller that SAM9X7 is using)
- A fix for the Microchip SAMA7G5 clock driver to avoid allocating
more memory than necessary
- Constify some Amlogic structs
- Add SM1 eARC clocks for Amlogic
- Introduce a symbol namespace for Amlogic clock specific symbols
- Add reset controller support to audiomix block control on i.MX
- Add CLK_SET_RATE_PARENT flag to all audiomix clocks and to i.MX7D
lcdif_pixel_src clock
- Fix parent clocks for earc_phy and audpll on i.MX8MP
- Fix default parents for enet[12]_ref_sel on i.MX6UL
- Add ops in composite 8M and 93 that allow no-op on disable
- Add check for PCC present bit on composite 7ULP register
- Fix fractional part for fracn-gppll on prepare in i.MX
- Fix clock tree update for TF-A managed clocks on i.MX8M
- Drop CLK_SET_PARENT_GATE for DRAM mux on i.MX7D
- Add the SAI7 IPG clock for i.MX8MN
- Mark the 'nand_usdhc_bus' clock as non-critical on i.MX8MM
- Add LVDS bypass clocks on i.MX8QXP
- Add muxes for MIPI and PHY ref clocks on i.MX
- Reorder dc0_bypass0_clk, lcd_pxl and dc1_disp clocks on i.MX8QXP
- Add 1039.5MHz and 800MHz rates to fracn-gppll table on i.MX
- Add CLK_SET_RATE_PARENT for media_disp pixel clocks on i.MX8QXP
- Add some module descriptions to the i.MX generic and the i.MXRT1050
driver
- Fix return value for bypass for composite i.MX7ULP
- Move Mediatek clk bindings to clock/
- Convert some more clk bindings to dt schema"
* tag 'clk-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux: (180 commits)
clk: Switch back to struct platform_driver::remove()
dt-bindings: clock, reset: fix top-comment indentation rk3576 headers
clk: rockchip: remove unused mclk_pdm0_p/pdm0_p definitions
clk: provide devm_clk_get_optional_enabled_with_rate()
clk: fixed-rate: add devm_clk_hw_register_fixed_rate_parent_data()
clk: imx6ul: fix clock parent for IMX6UL_CLK_ENETx_REF_SEL
clk: renesas: r9a09g057: Add clock and reset entries for GTM/RIIC/SDHI/WDT
clk: renesas: rzv2h: Add support for dynamic switching divider clocks
clk: renesas: r9a08g045: Add clocks, resets and power domains for USB
clk: rockchip: fix error for unknown clocks
clk: rockchip: rk3588: drop unused code
clk: rockchip: Add clock controller for the RK3576
clk: rockchip: Add new pll type pll_rk3588_ddr
dt-bindings: clock, reset: Add support for rk3576
dt-bindings: clock: rockchip,rk3588-cru: drop unneeded assigned-clocks
clk: rockchip: rk3588: Fix 32k clock name for pmu_24m_32k_100m_src_p
clk: imx95: enable the clock of NETCMIX block control
dt-bindings: clock: add RMII clock selection
dt-bindings: clock: add i.MX95 NETCMIX block control
clk: imx: imx8: Use clk_hw pointer for self registered clock in clk_parent_data
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"Along with the usual shower of singleton patches, notable patch series
in this pull request are:
- "Align kvrealloc() with krealloc()" from Danilo Krummrich. Adds
consistency to the APIs and behaviour of these two core allocation
functions. This also simplifies/enables Rustification.
- "Some cleanups for shmem" from Baolin Wang. No functional changes -
mode code reuse, better function naming, logic simplifications.
- "mm: some small page fault cleanups" from Josef Bacik. No
functional changes - code cleanups only.
- "Various memory tiering fixes" from Zi Yan. A small fix and a
little cleanup.
- "mm/swap: remove boilerplate" from Yu Zhao. Code cleanups and
simplifications and .text shrinkage.
- "Kernel stack usage histogram" from Pasha Tatashin and Shakeel
Butt. This is a feature, it adds new feilds to /proc/vmstat such as
$ grep kstack /proc/vmstat
kstack_1k 3
kstack_2k 188
kstack_4k 11391
kstack_8k 243
kstack_16k 0
which tells us that 11391 processes used 4k of stack while none at
all used 16k. Useful for some system tuning things, but
partivularly useful for "the dynamic kernel stack project".
- "kmemleak: support for percpu memory leak detect" from Pavel
Tikhomirov. Teaches kmemleak to detect leaksage of percpu memory.
- "mm: memcg: page counters optimizations" from Roman Gushchin. "3
independent small optimizations of page counters".
- "mm: split PTE/PMD PT table Kconfig cleanups+clarifications" from
David Hildenbrand. Improves PTE/PMD splitlock detection, makes
powerpc/8xx work correctly by design rather than by accident.
- "mm: remove arch_make_page_accessible()" from David Hildenbrand.
Some folio conversions which make arch_make_page_accessible()
unneeded.
- "mm, memcg: cg2 memory{.swap,}.peak write handlers" fro David
Finkel. Cleans up and fixes our handling of the resetting of the
cgroup/process peak-memory-use detector.
- "Make core VMA operations internal and testable" from Lorenzo
Stoakes. Rationalizaion and encapsulation of the VMA manipulation
APIs. With a view to better enable testing of the VMA functions,
even from a userspace-only harness.
- "mm: zswap: fixes for global shrinker" from Takero Funaki. Fix
issues in the zswap global shrinker, resulting in improved
performance.
- "mm: print the promo watermark in zoneinfo" from Kaiyang Zhao. Fill
in some missing info in /proc/zoneinfo.
- "mm: replace follow_page() by folio_walk" from David Hildenbrand.
Code cleanups and rationalizations (conversion to folio_walk())
resulting in the removal of follow_page().
- "improving dynamic zswap shrinker protection scheme" from Nhat
Pham. Some tuning to improve zswap's dynamic shrinker. Significant
reductions in swapin and improvements in performance are shown.
- "mm: Fix several issues with unaccepted memory" from Kirill
Shutemov. Improvements to the new unaccepted memory feature,
- "mm/mprotect: Fix dax puds" from Peter Xu. Implements mprotect on
DAX PUDs. This was missing, although nobody seems to have notied
yet.
- "Introduce a store type enum for the Maple tree" from Sidhartha
Kumar. Cleanups and modest performance improvements for the maple
tree library code.
- "memcg: further decouple v1 code from v2" from Shakeel Butt. Move
more cgroup v1 remnants away from the v2 memcg code.
- "memcg: initiate deprecation of v1 features" from Shakeel Butt.
Adds various warnings telling users that memcg v1 features are
deprecated.
- "mm: swap: mTHP swap allocator base on swap cluster order" from
Chris Li. Greatly improves the success rate of the mTHP swap
allocation.
- "mm: introduce numa_memblks" from Mike Rapoport. Moves various
disparate per-arch implementations of numa_memblk code into generic
code.
- "mm: batch free swaps for zap_pte_range()" from Barry Song. Greatly
improves the performance of munmap() of swap-filled ptes.
- "support large folio swap-out and swap-in for shmem" from Baolin
Wang. With this series we no longer split shmem large folios into
simgle-page folios when swapping out shmem.
- "mm/hugetlb: alloc/free gigantic folios" from Yu Zhao. Nice
performance improvements and code reductions for gigantic folios.
- "support shmem mTHP collapse" from Baolin Wang. Adds support for
khugepaged's collapsing of shmem mTHP folios.
- "mm: Optimize mseal checks" from Pedro Falcato. Fixes an mprotect()
performance regression due to the addition of mseal().
- "Increase the number of bits available in page_type" from Matthew
Wilcox. Increases the number of bits available in page_type!
- "Simplify the page flags a little" from Matthew Wilcox. Many legacy
page flags are now folio flags, so the page-based flags and their
accessors/mutators can be removed.
- "mm: store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap" from Usama
Arif. An optimization which permits us to avoid writing/reading
zero-filled zswap pages to backing store.
- "Avoid MAP_FIXED gap exposure" from Liam Howlett. Fixes a race
window which occurs when a MAP_FIXED operqtion is occurring during
an unrelated vma tree walk.
- "mm: remove vma_merge()" from Lorenzo Stoakes. Major rotorooting of
the vma_merge() functionality, making ot cleaner, more testable and
better tested.
- "misc fixups for DAMON {self,kunit} tests" from SeongJae Park.
Minor fixups of DAMON selftests and kunit tests.
- "mm: memory_hotplug: improve do_migrate_range()" from Kefeng Wang.
Code cleanups and folio conversions.
- "Shmem mTHP controls and stats improvements" from Ryan Roberts.
Cleanups for shmem controls and stats.
- "mm: count the number of anonymous THPs per size" from Barry Song.
Expose additional anon THP stats to userspace for improved tuning.
- "mm: finish isolate/putback_lru_page()" from Kefeng Wang: more
folio conversions and removal of now-unused page-based APIs.
- "replace per-quota region priorities histogram buffer with
per-context one" from SeongJae Park. DAMON histogram
rationalization.
- "Docs/damon: update GitHub repo URLs and maintainer-profile" from
SeongJae Park. DAMON documentation updates.
- "mm/vdpa: correct misuse of non-direct-reclaim __GFP_NOFAIL and
improve related doc and warn" from Jason Wang: fixes usage of page
allocator __G |
