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The Itanium architecture is obsolete, and an informal survey [0] reveals
that any residual use of Itanium hardware in production is mostly HP-UX
or OpenVMS based. The use of Linux on Itanium appears to be limited to
enthusiasts that occasionally boot a fresh Linux kernel to see whether
things are still working as intended, and perhaps to churn out some
distro packages that are rarely used in practice.
None of the original companies behind Itanium still produce or support
any hardware or software for the architecture, and it is listed as
'Orphaned' in the MAINTAINERS file, as apparently, none of the engineers
that contributed on behalf of those companies (nor anyone else, for that
matter) have been willing to support or maintain the architecture
upstream or even be responsible for applying the odd fix. The Intel
firmware team removed all IA-64 support from the Tianocore/EDK2
reference implementation of EFI in 2018. (Itanium is the original
architecture for which EFI was developed, and the way Linux supports it
deviates significantly from other architectures.) Some distros, such as
Debian and Gentoo, still maintain [unofficial] ia64 ports, but many have
dropped support years ago.
While the argument is being made [1] that there is a 'for the common
good' angle to being able to build and run existing projects such as the
Grid Community Toolkit [2] on Itanium for interoperability testing, the
fact remains that none of those projects are known to be deployed on
Linux/ia64, and very few people actually have access to such a system in
the first place. Even if there were ways imaginable in which Linux/ia64
could be put to good use today, what matters is whether anyone is
actually doing that, and this does not appear to be the case.
There are no emulators widely available, and so boot testing Itanium is
generally infeasible for ordinary contributors. GCC still supports IA-64
but its compile farm [3] no longer has any IA-64 machines. GLIBC would
like to get rid of IA-64 [4] too because it would permit some overdue
code cleanups. In summary, the benefits to the ecosystem of having IA-64
be part of it are mostly theoretical, whereas the maintenance overhead
of keeping it supported is real.
So let's rip off the band aid, and remove the IA-64 arch code entirely.
This follows the timeline proposed by the Debian/ia64 maintainer [5],
which removes support in a controlled manner, leaving IA-64 in a known
good state in the most recent LTS release. Other projects will follow
once the kernel support is removed.
[0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAMj1kXFCMh_578jniKpUtx_j8ByHnt=s7S+yQ+vGbKt9ud7+kQ@mail.gmail.com/
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/0075883c-7c51-00f5-2c2d-5119c1820410@web.de/
[2] https://gridcf.org/gct-docs/latest/index.html
[3] https://cfarm.tetaneutral.net/machines/list/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/all/87bkiilpc4.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de/
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/all/ff58a3e76e5102c94bb5946d99187b358def688a.camel@physik.fu-berlin.de/
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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CONFIG_* switches should not be exposed in uapi headers. The macros that
are defined here are also only useful for the kernel code, so let's move
them to asm/cmpxchg.h instead.
The only two files that are using these macros are the headers
arch/ia64/include/asm/bitops.h and arch/ia64/include/asm/atomic.h and
these include asm/cmpxchg.h via asm/intrinsics.h, so this movement should
not cause any trouble.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230426065032.517693-1-thuth@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Decrease the probability of this internal facility to be used by
driver code.
Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Andi Shyti <andi.shyti@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Acked-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com> [riscv]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230118154450.73842-1-andrzej.hajda@intel.com
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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include/linux/compiler-intel.h had no update in the past 3 years.
We often forget about the third C compiler to build the kernel.
For example, commit a0a12c3ed057 ("asm goto: eradicate CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO")
only mentioned GCC and Clang.
init/Kconfig defines CC_IS_GCC and CC_IS_CLANG but not CC_IS_ICC,
and nobody has reported any issue.
I guess the Intel Compiler support is broken, and nobody is caring
about it.
Harald Arnesen pointed out ICC (classic Intel C/C++ compiler) is
deprecated:
$ icc -v
icc: remark #10441: The Intel(R) C++ Compiler Classic (ICC) is
deprecated and will be removed from product release in the second half
of 2023. The Intel(R) oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler (ICX) is the recommended
compiler moving forward. Please transition to use this compiler. Use
'-diag-disable=10441' to disable this message.
icc version 2021.7.0 (gcc version 12.1.0 compatibility)
Arnd Bergmann provided a link to the article, "Intel C/C++ compilers
complete adoption of LLVM".
lib/zstd/common/compiler.h and lib/zstd/compress/zstd_fast.c were kept
untouched for better sync with https://github.com/facebook/zstd
Link: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/adoption-of-llvm-complete-icx.html
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On IA64, new sparse's warnings where issued after fixing some __rcu
annotations in kernel/bpf/.
These new warnings are false positives and appear on IA64 because on this
architecture, the macros for cmpxchg() and xchg() make casts that ignore
sparse annotations.
This patch contains the minimal patch to fix this issue: adding a missing
cast and some missing '__force'.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220601120013.bq5a3ynbkc3hngm5@mail
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220605160738.79736-1-luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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We have a number of systems industry-wide that have a subset of their
functionality that works as follows:
1. Receive a message from local kmsg, serial console, or netconsole;
2. Apply a set of rules to classify the message;
3. Do something based on this classification (like scheduling a
remediation for the machine), rinse, and repeat.
As a couple of examples of places we have this implemented just inside
Facebook, although this isn't a Facebook-specific problem, we have this
inside our netconsole processing (for alarm classification), and as part
of our machine health checking. We use these messages to determine
fairly important metrics around production health, and it's important
that we get them right.
While for some kinds of issues we have counters, tracepoints, or metrics
with a stable interface which can reliably indicate the issue, in order
to react to production issues quickly we need to work with the interface
which most kernel developers naturally use when developing: printk.
Most production issues come from unexpected phenomena, and as such
usually the code in question doesn't have easily usable tracepoints or
other counters available for the specific problem being mitigated. We
have a number of lines of monitoring defence against problems in
production (host metrics, process metrics, service metrics, etc), and
where it's not feasible to reliably monitor at another level, this kind
of pragmatic netconsole monitoring is essential.
As one would expect, monitoring using printk is rather brittle for a
number of reasons -- most notably that the message might disappear
entirely in a new version of the kernel, or that the message may change
in some way that the regex or other classification methods start to
silently fail.
One factor that makes this even harder is that, under normal operation,
many of these messages are never expected to be hit. For example, there
may be a rare hardware bug which one wants to detect if it was to ever
happen again, but its recurrence is not likely or anticipated. This
precludes using something like checking whether the printk in question
was printed somewhere fleetwide recently to determine whether the
message in question is still present or not, since we don't anticipate
that it should be printed anywhere, but still need to monitor for its
future presence in the long-term.
This class of issue has happened on a number of occasions, causing
unhealthy machines with hardware issues to remain in production for
longer than ideal. As a recent example, some monitoring around
blk_update_request fell out of date and caused semi-broken machines to
remain in production for longer than would be desirable.
Searching through the codebase to find the message is also extremely
fragile, because many of the messages are further constructed beyond
their callsite (eg. btrfs_printk and other module-specific wrappers,
each with their own functionality). Even if they aren't, guessing the
format and formulation of the underlying message based on the aesthetics
of the message emitted is not a recipe for success at scale, and our
previous issues with fleetwide machine health checking demonstrate as
much.
This provides a solution to the issue of silently changed or deleted
printks: we record pointers to all printk format strings known at
compile time into a new .printk_index section, both in vmlinux and
modules. At runtime, this can then be iterated by looking at
<debugfs>/printk/index/<module>, which emits the following format, both
readable by humans and able to be parsed by machines:
$ head -1 vmlinux; shuf -n 5 vmlinux
# <level[,flags]> filename:line function "format"
<5> block/blk-settings.c:661 disk_stack_limits "%s: Warning: Device %s is misaligned\n"
<4> kernel/trace/trace.c:8296 trace_create_file "Could not create tracefs '%s' entry\n"
<6> arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c:144 _hpet_print_config "hpet: %s(%d):\n"
<6> init/do_mounts.c:605 prepare_namespace "Waiting for root device %s...\n"
<6> drivers/acpi/osl.c:1410 acpi_no_auto_serialize_setup "ACPI: auto-serialization disabled\n"
This mitigates the majority of cases where we have a highly-specific
printk which we want to match on, as we can now enumerate and check
whether the format changed or the printk callsite disappeared entirely
in userspace. This allows us to catch changes to printks we monitor
earlier and decide what to do about it before it becomes problematic.
There is no additional runtime cost for printk callers or printk itself,
and the assembly generated is exactly the same.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org> # for module.{c,h}
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e42070983637ac5e384f17fbdbe86d19c7b212a5.1623775748.git.chris@chrisdown.name
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We'd like all architectures to convert to ARCH_ATOMIC, as once all
architectures are converted it will be possible to make significant
cleanups to the atomics headers, and this will make it much easier to
generically enable atomic functionality (e.g. debug logic in the
instrumented wrappers).
As a step towards that, this patch migrates ia64 to ARCH_ATOMIC. The
arch code provides arch_{atomic,atomic64,xchg,cmpxchg}*(), and common
code wraps these with optional instrumentation to provide the regular
functions.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210525140232.53872-20-mark.rutland@arm.com
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The definition if xchg() causes a harmless warning in some files, like:
In file included from ../arch/ia64/include/uapi/asm/intrinsics.h:22,
from ../arch/ia64/include/asm/intrinsics.h:11,
from ../arch/ia64/include/asm/bitops.h:19,
from ../include/linux/bitops.h:32,
from ../include/linux/kernel.h:11,
from ../fs/nfs/read.c:12:
../fs/nfs/read.c: In function 'nfs_read_completion':
../arch/ia64/include/uapi/asm/cmpxchg.h:57:2: warning: value computed is not used [-Wunused-value]
57 | ((__typeof__(*(ptr))) __xchg((unsigned long) (x), (ptr), sizeof(*(ptr))))
| ~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../fs/nfs/read.c:196:5: note: in expansion of macro 'xchg'
196 | xchg(&nfs_req_openctx(req)->error, error);
| ^~~~
Change it to a compound expression like the other architectures have
to get a clean defconfig build.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
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license
Many user space API headers are missing licensing information, which
makes it hard for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default are files without license information under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPLV2. Marking them GPLV2 would exclude
them from being included in non GPLV2 code, which is obviously not
intended. The user space API headers fall under the syscall exception
which is in the kernels COPYING file:
NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel
services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use
of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work".
otherwise syscall usage would not be possible.
Update the files which contain no license information with an SPDX
license identifier. The chosen identifier is 'GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note' which is the officially assigned identifier for the
Linux syscall exception. SPDX license identifiers are a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne. See the previous patch in this series for the
methodology of how this patch was researched.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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We removed the only user of this define in the rtmutex code. Get rid
of it.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
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IA64 doesn't actually have acquire/release barriers, its a lie!
Add a comment explaining this and fix up the bitop barriers.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-akevfh136um9dqvb1ohm55ca@git.kernel.org
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
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