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2024-07-11crypto: aead,cipher - zeroize key buffer after useHailey Mothershead2-4/+2
[ Upstream commit 23e4099bdc3c8381992f9eb975c79196d6755210 ] I.G 9.7.B for FIPS 140-3 specifies that variables temporarily holding cryptographic information should be zeroized once they are no longer needed. Accomplish this by using kfree_sensitive for buffers that previously held the private key. Signed-off-by: Hailey Mothershead <hailmo@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-07-05crypto: ecdh - explicitly zeroize private_keyJoachim Vandersmissen1-0/+2
[ Upstream commit 73e5984e540a76a2ee1868b91590c922da8c24c9 ] private_key is overwritten with the key parameter passed in by the caller (if present), or alternatively a newly generated private key. However, it is possible that the caller provides a key (or the newly generated key) which is shorter than the previous key. In that scenario, some key material from the previous key would not be overwritten. The easiest solution is to explicitly zeroize the entire private_key array first. Note that this patch slightly changes the behavior of this function: previously, if the ecc_gen_privkey failed, the old private_key would remain. Now, the private_key is always zeroized. This behavior is consistent with the case where params.key is set and ecc_is_key_valid fails. Signed-off-by: Joachim Vandersmissen <git@jvdsn.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-06-16crypto: ecrdsa - Fix module auto-load on add_keyVitaly Chikunov1-0/+1
commit eb5739a1efbc9ff216271aeea0ebe1c92e5383e5 upstream. Add module alias with the algorithm cra_name similar to what we have for RSA-related and other algorithms. The kernel attempts to modprobe asymmetric algorithms using the names "crypto-$cra_name" and "crypto-$cra_name-all." However, since these aliases are currently missing, the modules are not loaded. For instance, when using the `add_key` function, the hash algorithm is typically loaded automatically, but the asymmetric algorithm is not. Steps to test: 1. Cert is generated usings ima-evm-utils test suite with `gen-keys.sh`, example cert is provided below: $ base64 -d >test-gost2012_512-A.cer <<EOF MIIB/DCCAWagAwIBAgIUK8+whWevr3FFkSdU9GLDAM7ure8wDAYIKoUDBwEBAwMFADARMQ8wDQYD VQQDDAZDQSBLZXkwIBcNMjIwMjAxMjIwOTQxWhgPMjA4MjEyMDUyMjA5NDFaMBExDzANBgNVBAMM BkNBIEtleTCBoDAXBggqhQMHAQEBAjALBgkqhQMHAQIBAgEDgYQABIGALXNrTJGgeErBUOov3Cfo IrHF9fcj8UjzwGeKCkbCcINzVUbdPmCopeJRHDJEvQBX1CQUPtlwDv6ANjTTRoq5nCk9L5PPFP1H z73JIXHT0eRBDVoWy0cWDRz1mmQlCnN2HThMtEloaQI81nTlKZOcEYDtDpi5WODmjEeRNQJMdqCj UDBOMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFCwfOITMbE9VisW1i2TYeu1tAo5QMB8GA1UdIwQY MBaAFCwfOITMbE9VisW1i2TYeu1tAo5QMAwGCCqFAwcBAQMDBQADgYEAmBfJCMTdC0/NSjz4BBiQ qDIEjomO7FEHYlkX5NGulcF8FaJW2jeyyXXtbpnub1IQ8af1KFIpwoS2e93LaaofxpWlpQLlju6m KYLOcO4xK3Whwa2hBAz9YbpUSFjvxnkS2/jpH2MsOSXuUEeCruG/RkHHB3ACef9umG6HCNQuAPY= EOF 2. Optionally, trace module requests with: trace-cmd stream -e module & 3. Trigger add_key call for the cert: # keyctl padd asymmetric "" @u <test-gost2012_512-A.cer 939910969 # lsmod | head -3 Module Size Used by ecrdsa_generic 16384 0 streebog_generic 28672 0 Repored-by: Paul Wolneykien <manowar@altlinux.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Vitaly Chikunov <vt@altlinux.org> Tested-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-06-16crypto: ecdsa - Fix module auto-load on add-keyStefan Berger1-0/+3
commit 48e4fd6d54f54d0ceab5a952d73e47a9454a6ccb upstream. Add module alias with the algorithm cra_name similar to what we have for RSA-related and other algorithms. The kernel attempts to modprobe asymmetric algorithms using the names "crypto-$cra_name" and "crypto-$cra_name-all." However, since these aliases are currently missing, the modules are not loaded. For instance, when using the `add_key` function, the hash algorithm is typically loaded automatically, but the asymmetric algorithm is not. Steps to test: 1. Create certificate openssl req -x509 -sha256 -newkey ec \ -pkeyopt "ec_paramgen_curve:secp384r1" -keyout key.pem -days 365 \ -subj '/CN=test' -nodes -outform der -out nist-p384.der 2. Optionally, trace module requests with: trace-cmd stream -e module & 3. Trigger add_key call for the cert: # keyctl padd asymmetric "" @u < nist-p384.der 641069229 # lsmod | head -2 Module Size Used by ecdsa_generic 16384 0 Fixes: c12d448ba939 ("crypto: ecdsa - Register NIST P384 and extend test suite") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Vitaly Chikunov <vt@altlinux.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-06-12KEYS: asymmetric: Add missing dependencies of FIPS_SIGNATURE_SELFTESTEric Biggers1-0/+2
commit 9d2fd8bdc12f403a5c35c971936a0e1d5cb5108e upstream. Since the signature self-test uses RSA and SHA-256, it must only be enabled when those algorithms are enabled. Otherwise it fails and panics the kernel on boot-up. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202404221528.51d75177-lkp@intel.com Fixes: 3cde3174eb91 ("certs: Add FIPS selftests") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: Simo Sorce <simo@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-05-02Revert "crypto: api - Disallow identical driver names"Greg Kroah-Hartman1-1/+0
This reverts commit 680eb0a99336f7b21ff149bc57579d059421c5de which is commit 27016f75f5ed47e2d8e0ca75a8ff1f40bc1a5e27 upstream. It is reported to cause problems in older kernels due to some crypto drivers having the same name, so revert it here to fix the problems. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/aceda6e2-cefb-4146-aef8-ff4bafa56e56@roeck-us.net Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> Cc: Ovidiu Panait <ovidiu.panait@windriver.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-03-26crypto: jitter - fix CRYPTO_JITTERENTROPY help textRandy Dunlap1-2/+3
[ Upstream commit e63df1ec9a16dd9e13e9068243e64876de06f795 ] Correct various small problems in the help text: a. change 2 spaces to ", " b. finish an incomplete sentence c. change non-working URL to working URL Fixes: a9a98d49da52 ("crypto: Kconfig - simplify compression/RNG entries") Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218458 Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com> Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com> Cc: Christoph Biedl <bugzilla.kernel.bpeb@manchmal.in-ulm.de> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-01-31crypto: api - Disallow identical driver namesHerbert Xu1-0/+1
commit 27016f75f5ed47e2d8e0ca75a8ff1f40bc1a5e27 upstream. Disallow registration of two algorithms with identical driver names. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Reported-by: Ovidiu Panait <ovidiu.panait@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-01-25crypto: scomp - fix req->dst buffer overflowChengming Zhou1-0/+6
[ Upstream commit 744e1885922a9943458954cfea917b31064b4131 ] The req->dst buffer size should be checked before copying from the scomp_scratch->dst to avoid req->dst buffer overflow problem. Fixes: 1ab53a77b772 ("crypto: acomp - add driver-side scomp interface") Reported-by: syzbot+3eff5e51bf1db122a16e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/0000000000000b05cd060d6b5511@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-01-25crypto: af_alg - Disallow multiple in-flight AIO requestsHerbert Xu1-1/+13
[ Upstream commit 67b164a871af1d736f131fd6fe78a610909f06f3 ] Having multiple in-flight AIO requests results in unpredictable output because they all share the same IV. Fix this by only allowing one request at a time. Fixes: 83094e5e9e49 ("crypto: af_alg - add async support to algif_aead") Fixes: a596999b7ddf ("crypto: algif - change algif_skcipher to be asynchronous") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-11-28crypto: pcrypt - Fix hungtask for PADATA_RESETLu Jialin1-0/+4
[ Upstream commit 8f4f68e788c3a7a696546291258bfa5fdb215523 ] We found a hungtask bug in test_aead_vec_cfg as follows: INFO: task cryptomgr_test:391009 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. Call trace: __switch_to+0x98/0xe0 __schedule+0x6c4/0xf40 schedule+0xd8/0x1b4 schedule_timeout+0x474/0x560 wait_for_common+0x368/0x4e0 wait_for_completion+0x20/0x30 wait_for_completion+0x20/0x30 test_aead_vec_cfg+0xab4/0xd50 test_aead+0x144/0x1f0 alg_test_aead+0xd8/0x1e0 alg_test+0x634/0x890 cryptomgr_test+0x40/0x70 kthread+0x1e0/0x220 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18 Kernel panic - not syncing: hung_task: blocked tasks For padata_do_parallel, when the return err is 0 or -EBUSY, it will call wait_for_completion(&wait->completion) in test_aead_vec_cfg. In normal case, aead_request_complete() will be called in pcrypt_aead_serial and the return err is 0 for padata_do_parallel. But, when pinst->flags is PADATA_RESET, the return err is -EBUSY for padata_do_parallel, and it won't call aead_request_complete(). Therefore, test_aead_vec_cfg will hung at wait_for_completion(&wait->completion), which will cause hungtask. The problem comes as following: (padata_do_parallel) | rcu_read_lock_bh(); | err = -EINVAL; | (padata_replace) | pinst->flags |= PADATA_RESET; err = -EBUSY | if (pinst->flags & PADATA_RESET) | rcu_read_unlock_bh() | return err In order to resolve the problem, we replace the return err -EBUSY with -EAGAIN, which means parallel_data is changing, and the caller should call it again. v3: remove retry and just change the return err. v2: introduce padata_try_do_parallel() in pcrypt_aead_encrypt and pcrypt_aead_decrypt to solve the hungtask. Signed-off-by: Lu Jialin <lujialin4@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Guo Zihua <guozihua@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-09-23crypto: lrw,xts - Replace strlcpy with strscpyAzeem Shaikh2-6/+6
[ Upstream commit babb80b3ecc6f40c962e13c654ebcd27f25ee327 ] strlcpy() reads the entire source buffer first. This read may exceed the destination size limit. This is both inefficient and can lead to linear read overflows if a source string is not NUL-terminated [1]. In an effort to remove strlcpy() completely [2], replace strlcpy() here with strscpy(). Direct replacement is safe here since return value of -errno is used to check for truncation instead of sizeof(dest). [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html#strlcpy [2] https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/89 Signed-off-by: Azeem Shaikh <azeemshaikh38@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-09-13X.509: if signature is unsupported skip validationThore Sommer1-0/+5
commit ef5b52a631f8c18353e80ccab8408b963305510c upstream. When the hash algorithm for the signature is not available the digest size is 0 and the signature in the certificate is marked as unsupported. When validating a self-signed certificate, this needs to be checked, because otherwise trying to validate the signature will fail with an warning: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at crypto/rsa-pkcs1pad.c:537 \ pkcs1pad_verify+0x46/0x12c ... Problem loading in-kernel X.509 certificate (-22) Signed-off-by: Thore Sommer <public@thson.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.7+ Fixes: 6c2dc5ae4ab7 ("X.509: Extract signature digest and make self-signed cert checks earlier") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-09-13crypto: api - Use work queue in crypto_destroy_instanceHerbert Xu1-2/+14
[ Upstream commit 9ae4577bc077a7e32c3c7d442c95bc76865c0f17 ] The function crypto_drop_spawn expects to be called in process context. However, when an instance is unregistered while it still has active users, the last user may cause the instance to be freed in atomic context. Fix this by delaying the freeing to a work queue. Fixes: 6bfd48096ff8 ("[CRYPTO] api: Added spawns") Reported-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org> Reported-by: syzbot+d769eed29cc42d75e2a3@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reported-by: syzbot+610ec0671f51e838436e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Tested-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org> Acked-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-09-13crypto: rsa-pkcs1pad - Use helper to set reqsizeHerbert Xu1-1/+4
commit 5b11d1a360ea23c80c6d4ec3f5986a788d0a0995 upstream. The value of reqsize must only be changed through the helper. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Giovanni Cabiddu <giovanni.cabiddu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-07-19crypto: jitter - correct health test during initializationStephan Müller1-6/+3
[ Upstream commit d23659769ad1bf2cbafaa0efcbae20ef1a74f77e ] With the update of the permanent and intermittent health errors, the actual indicator for the health test indicates a potential error only for the one offending time stamp gathered in the current iteration round. The next iteration round will "overwrite" the health test result. Thus, the entropy collection loop in jent_gen_entropy checks for the health test failure upon each loop iteration. However, the initialization operation checked for the APT health test once for an APT window which implies it would not catch most errors. Thus, the check for all health errors is now invoked unconditionally during each loop iteration for the startup test. With the change, the error JENT_ERCT becomes unused as all health errors are only reported with the JENT_HEALTH return code. This allows the removal of the error indicator. Fixes: 3fde2fe99aa6 ("crypto: jitter - permanent and intermittent health errors" ) Reported-by: Joachim Vandersmissen <git@jvdsn.com> Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-06-09KEYS: asymmetric: Copy sig and digest in public_key_verify_signature()Roberto Sassu1-17/+21
commit c3d03e8e35e005e1a614e51bb59053eeb5857f76 upstream. Commit ac4e97abce9b8 ("scatterlist: sg_set_buf() argument must be in linear mapping") checks that both the signature and the digest reside in the linear mapping area. However, more recently commit ba14a194a434c ("fork: Add generic vmalloced stack support") made it possible to move the stack in the vmalloc area, which is not contiguous, and thus not suitable for sg_set_buf() which needs adjacent pages. Always make a copy of the signature and digest in the same buffer used to store the key and its parameters, and pass them to sg_init_one(). Prefer it to conditionally doing the copy if necessary, to keep the code simple. The buffer allocated with kmalloc() is in the linear mapping area. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.9.x Fixes: ba14a194a434 ("fork: Add generic vmalloced stack support") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-integrity/Y4pIpxbjBdajymBJ@sol.localdomain/ Suggested-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Tested-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-05-24crypto: testmgr - fix RNG performance in fuzz testsEric Biggers1-97/+169
commit f900fde28883602b6c5e1027a6c912b673382aaf upstream. The performance of the crypto fuzz tests has greatly regressed since v5.18. When booting a kernel on an arm64 dev board with all software crypto algorithms and CONFIG_CRYPTO_MANAGER_EXTRA_TESTS enabled, the fuzz tests now take about 200 seconds to run, or about 325 seconds with lockdep enabled, compared to about 5 seconds before. The root cause is that the random number generation has become much slower due to commit d4150779e60f ("random32: use real rng for non-deterministic randomness"). On my same arm64 dev board, at the time the fuzz tests are run, get_random_u8() is about 345x slower than prandom_u32_state(), or about 469x if lockdep is enabled. Lockdep makes a big difference, but much of the rest comes from the get_random_*() functions taking a *very* slow path when the CRNG is not yet initialized. Since the crypto self-tests run early during boot, even having a hardware RNG driver enabled (CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QCOM_RNG in my case) doesn't prevent this. x86 systems don't have this issue, but they still see a significant regression if lockdep is enabled. Converting the "Fully random bytes" case in generate_random_bytes() to use get_random_bytes() helps significantly, improving the test time to about 27 seconds. But that's still over 5x slower than before. This is all a bit silly, though, since the fuzz tests don't actually need cryptographically secure random numbers. So let's just make them use a non-cryptographically-secure RNG as they did before. The original prandom_u32() is gone now, so let's use prandom_u32_state() instead, with an explicitly managed state, like various other self-tests in the kernel source tree (rbtree_test.c, test_scanf.c, etc.) already do. This also has the benefit that no locking is required anymore, so performance should be even better than the original version that used prandom_u32(). Fixes: d4150779e60f ("random32: use real rng for non-deterministic randomness") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-24crypto: jitter - permanent and intermittent health errorsStephan Müller3-120/+76
[ Upstream commit 3fde2fe99aa6dacd4151c87382b07ce7f30f0a52 ] According to SP800-90B, two health failures are allowed: the intermittend and the permanent failure. So far, only the intermittent failure was implemented. The permanent failure was achieved by resetting the entire entropy source including its health test state and waiting for two or more back-to-back health errors. This approach is appropriate for RCT, but not for APT as APT has a non-linear cutoff value. Thus, this patch implements 2 cutoff values for both RCT/APT. This implies that the health state is left untouched when an intermittent failure occurs. The noise source is reset and a new APT powerup-self test is performed. Yet, whith the unchanged health test state, the counting of failures continues until a permanent failure is reached. Any non-failing raw entropy value causes the health tests to reset. The intermittent error has an unchanged significance level of 2^-30. The permanent error has a significance level of 2^-60. Considering that this level also indicates a false-positive rate (see SP800-90B section 4.2) a false-positive must only be incurred with a low probability when considering a fleet of Linux kernels as a whole. Hitting the permanent error may cause a panic(), the following calculation applies: Assuming that a fleet of 10^9 Linux kernels run concurrently with this patch in FIPS mode and on each kernel 2 health tests are performed every minute for one year, the chances of a false positive is about 1:1000 based on the binomial distribution. In addition, any power-up health test errors triggered with jent_entropy_init are treated as permanent errors. A permanent failure causes the entire entropy source to permanently return an error. This implies that a caller can only remedy the situation by re-allocating a new instance of the Jitter RNG. In a subsequent patch, a transparent re-allocation will be provided which also changes the implied heuristic entropy assessment. In addition, when the kernel is booted with fips=1, the Jitter RNG is defined to be part of a FIPS module. The permanent error of the Jitter RNG is translated as a FIPS module error. In this case, the entire FIPS module must cease operation. This is implemented in the kernel by invoking panic(). The patch also fixes an off-by-one in the RCT cutoff value which is now set to 30 instead of 31. This is because the counting of the values starts with 0. Reviewed-by: Vladis Dronov <vdronov@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Reviewed-by: Marcelo Henrique Cerri <marcelo.cerri@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-17crypto: engine - fix crypto_queue backlog handlingOlivier Bacon2-3/+6
[ Upstream commit 4140aafcff167b5b9e8dae6a1709a6de7cac6f74 ] CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG tells the crypto driver that it should internally backlog requests until the crypto hw's queue becomes full. At that point, crypto_engine backlogs the request and returns -EBUSY. Calling driver such as dm-crypt then waits until the complete() function is called with a status of -EINPROGRESS before sending a new request. The problem lies in the call to complete() with a value of -EINPROGRESS that is made when a backlog item is present on the queue. The call is done before the successful execution of the crypto request. In the case that do_one_request() returns < 0 and the retry support is available, the request is put back in the queue. This leads upper drivers to send a new request even if the queue is still full. The problem can be reproduced by doing a large dd into a crypto dm-crypt device. This is pretty easy to see when using Freescale CAAM crypto driver and SWIOTLB dma. Since the actual amount of requests that can be hold in the queue is unlimited we get IOs error and dma allocation. The fix is to call complete with a value of -EINPROGRESS only if the request is not enqueued back in crypto_queue. This is done by calling complete() later in the code. In order to delay the decision, crypto_queue is modified to correctly set the backlog pointer when a request is enqueued back. Fixes: 6a89f492f8e5 ("crypto: engine - support for parallel requests based on retry mechanism") Co-developed-by: Sylvain Ouellet <souellet@genetec.com> Signed-off-by: Sylvain Ouellet <souellet@genetec.com> Signed-off-by: Olivier Bacon <obacon@genetec.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-17crypto: engine - Use crypto_request_completeHerbert Xu1-3/+3
[ Upstream commit 6909823d47c17cba84e9244d04050b5db8d53789 ] Use the crypto_request_complete helper instead of calling the completion function directly. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Stable-dep-of: 4140aafcff16 ("crypto: engine - fix crypto_queue backlog handling") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-11crypto: drbg - Only fail when jent is unavailable in FIPS modeHerbert Xu1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 686cd976b6ddedeeb1a1fb09ba53a891d3cc9a03 ] When jent initialisation fails for any reason other than ENOENT, the entire drbg fails to initialise, even when we're not in FIPS mode. This is wrong because we can still use the kernel RNG when we're not in FIPS mode. Change it so that it only fails when we are in FIPS mode. Fixes: 57225e679788 ("crypto: drbg - Use callback API for random readiness") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Reviewed-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-11crypto: api - Demote BUG_ON() in crypto_unregister_alg() to a WARN_ON()Toke Høiland-Jørgensen1-1/+3
commit a543ada7db729514ddd3ba4efa45f4c7b802ad85 upstream. The crypto_unregister_alg() function expects callers to ensure that any algorithm that is unregistered has a refcnt of exactly 1, and issues a BUG_ON() if this is not the case. However, there are in fact drivers that will call crypto_unregister_alg() without ensuring that the refcnt has been lowered first, most notably on system shutdown. This causes the BUG_ON() to trigger, which prevents a clean shutdown and hangs the system. To avoid such hangs on shutdown, demote the BUG_ON() in crypto_unregister_alg() to a WARN_ON() with early return. Cc stable because this problem was observed on a 6.2 kernel, cf the link below. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87r0tyq8ph.fsf@toke.dk Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-04-20asymmetric_keys: log on fatal failures in PE/pkcs7Robbie Harwood2-17/+17
[ Upstream commit 3584c1dbfffdabf8e3dc1dd25748bb38dd01cd43 ] These particular errors can be encountered while trying to kexec when secureboot lockdown is in place. Without this change, even with a signed debug build, one still needs to reboot the machine to add the appropriate dyndbg parameters (since lockdown blocks debugfs). Accordingly, upgrade all pr_debug() before fatal error into pr_warn(). Signed-off-by: Robbie Harwood <rharwood@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org cc: kexec@lists.infradead.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230220171254.592347-3-rharwood@redhat.com/ # v2 Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-20verify_pefile: relax wrapper length checkRobbie Harwood1-4/+8
[ Upstream commit 4fc5c74dde69a7eda172514aaeb5a7df3600adb3 ] The PE Format Specification (section "The Attribute Certificate Table (Image Only)") states that `dwLength` is to be rounded up to 8-byte alignment when used for traversal. Therefore, the field is not required to be an 8-byte multiple in the first place. Accordingly, pesign has not performed this alignment since version 0.110. This causes kexec failure on pesign'd binaries with "PEFILE: Signature wrapper len wrong". Update the comment and relax the check. Signed-off-by: Robbie Harwood <rharwood@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org cc: kexec@lists.infradead.org Link: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#the-attribute-certificate-table-image-only Link: https://github.com/rhboot/pesign Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230220171254.592347-2-rharwood@redhat.com/ # v2 Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-03-10crypto: rsa-pkcs1pad - Use akcipher_request_completeHerbert Xu1-19/+15
[ Upstream commit 564cabc0ca0bdfa8f0fc1ae74b24d0a7554522c5 ] Use the akcipher_request_complete helper instead of calling the completion function directly. In fact the previous code was buggy in that EINPROGRESS was never passed back to the original caller. Fixes: 3d5b1ecdea6f ("crypto: rsa - RSA padding algorithm") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-03-10crypto: xts - Handle EBUSY correctlyHerbert Xu1-4/+4
[ Upstream commit 51c082514c2dedf2711c99d93c196cc4eedceb40 ] As it is xts only handles the special return value of EINPROGRESS, which means that in all other cases it will free data related to the request. However, as the caller of xts may specify MAY_BACKLOG, we also need to expect EBUSY and treat it in the same way. Otherwise backlogged requests will trigger a use-after-free. Fixes: 8083b1bf8163 ("crypto: xts - add support for ciphertext stealing") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-03-10crypto: seqiv - Handle EBUSY correctlyHerbert Xu1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 32e62025e5e52fbe4812ef044759de7010b15dbc ] As it is seqiv only handles the special return value of EINPROGERSS, which means that in all other cases it will free data related to the request. However, as the caller of seqiv may specify MAY_BACKLOG, we also need to expect EBUSY and treat it in the same way. Otherwise backlogged requests will trigger a use-after-free. Fixes: 0a270321dbf9 ("[CRYPTO] seqiv: Add Sequence Number IV Generator") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-03-10crypto: essiv - Handle EBUSY correctlyHerbert Xu1-1/+6
[ Upstream commit b5a772adf45a32c68bef28e60621f12617161556 ] As it is essiv only handles the special return value of EINPROGERSS, which means that in all other cases it will free data related to the request. However, as the caller of essiv may specify MAY_BACKLOG, we also need to expect EBUSY and treat it in the same way. Otherwise backlogged requests will trigger a use-after-free. Fixes: be1eb7f78aa8 ("crypto: essiv - create wrapper template...") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-03-10KEYS: asymmetric: Fix ECDSA use via keyctl uapiDenis Kenzior1-2/+22
[ Upstream commit 10de7b54293995368c52d9aa153f3e7a359f04a1 ] When support for ECDSA keys was added, constraints for data & signature sizes were never updated. This makes it impossible to use such keys via keyctl API from userspace. Update constraint on max_data_size to 64 bytes in order to support SHA512-based signatures. Also update the signature length constraints per ECDSA signature encoding described in RFC 5480. Fixes: 299f561a6693 ("x509: Add support for parsing x509 certs with ECDSA keys") Signed-off-by: Denis Kenzior <denkenz@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-02-09use less confusing names for iov_iter direction initializersAl Viro1-2/+2
[ Upstream commit de4eda9de2d957ef2d6a8365a01e26a435e958cb ] READ/WRITE proved to be actively confusing - the meanings are "data destination, as used with read(2)" and "data source, as used with write(2)", but people keep interpreting those as "we read data from it" and "we write data to it", i.e. exactly the wrong way. Call them ITER_DEST and ITER_SOURCE - at least that is harder to misinterpret... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Stable-dep-of: 6dd88fd59da8 ("vhost-scsi: unbreak any layout for response") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-12-31crypto: tcrypt - Fix multibuffer skcipher speed test mem leakZhang Yiqun1-9/+0
[ Upstream commit 1aa33fc8d4032227253ceb736f47c52b859d9683 ] In the past, the data for mb-skcipher test has been allocated twice, that means the first allcated memory area is without free, which may cause a potential memory leakage. So this patch is to remove one allocation to fix this error. Fixes: e161c5930c15 ("crypto: tcrypt - add multibuf skcipher...") Signed-off-by: Zhang Yiqun <zhangyiqun@phytium.com.cn> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-12-31crypto: cryptd - Use request context instead of stack for sub-requestHerbert Xu1-17/+19
[ Upstream commit 3a58c231172537f7b0e19d93ed33decd04f80eab ] cryptd is buggy as it tries to use sync_skcipher without going through the proper sync_skcipher interface. In fact it doesn't even need sync_skcipher since it's already a proper skcipher and can easily access the request context instead of using something off the stack. Fixes: 36b3875a97b8 ("crypto: cryptd - Remove VLA usage of skcipher") Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-12-31crypto: tcrypt - fix return value for multiple subtestsRobert Elliott1-128/+128
[ Upstream commit 65c92cbb3f2365627a10cf97560d51e88fb4e588 ] When a test mode invokes multiple tests (e.g., mode 0 invokes modes 1 through 199, and mode 3 tests three block cipher modes with des), don't keep accumulating the return values with ret += tcrypt_test(), which results in a bogus value if more than one report a nonzero value (e.g., two reporting -2 (-ENOENT) end up reporting -4 (-EINTR)). Instead, keep track of the minimum return value reported by any subtest. Fixes: 4e033a6bc70f ("crypto: tcrypt - Do not exit on success in fips mode") Signed-off-by: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-10-11treewide: use get_random_bytes() when possibleJason A. Donenfeld1-1/+1
The prandom_bytes() function has been a deprecated inline wrapper around get_random_bytes() for several releases now, and compiles down to the exact same code. Replace the deprecated wrapper with a direct call to the real function. This was done as a basic find and replace. Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> # powerpc Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-10-11treewide: use get_random_{u8,u16}() when possible, part 1Jason A. Donenfeld1-4/+4
Rather than truncate a 32-bit value to a 16-bit value or an 8-bit value, simply use the get_random_{u8,u16}() functions, which are faster than wasting the additional bytes from a 32-bit value. This was done mechanically with this coccinelle script: @@ expression E; identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u16; typedef __be16; typedef __le16; typedef u8; @@ ( - (get_random_u32() & 0xffff) + get_random_u16() | - (get_random_u32() & 0xff) + get_random_u8() | - (get_random_u32() % 65536) + get_random_u16() | - (get_random_u32() % 256) + get_random_u8() | - (get_random_u32() >> 16) + get_random_u16() | - (get_random_u32() >> 24) + get_random_u8() | - (u16)get_random_u32() + get_random_u16() | - (u8)get_random_u32() + get_random_u8() | - (__be16)get_random_u32() + (__be16)get_random_u16() | - (__le16)get_random_u32() + (__le16)get_random_u16() | - prandom_u32_max(65536) + get_random_u16() | - prandom_u32_max(256) + get_random_u8() | - E->inet_id = get_random_u32() + E->inet_id = get_random_u16() ) @@ identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u16; identifier v; @@ - u16 v = get_random_u32(); + u16 v = get_random_u16(); @@ identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u8; identifier v; @@ - u8 v = get_random_u32(); + u8 v = get_random_u8(); @@ identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u16; u16 v; @@ - v = get_random_u32(); + v = get_random_u16(); @@ identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u8; u8 v; @@ - v = get_random_u32(); + v = get_random_u8(); // Find a potential literal @literal_mask@ expression LITERAL; type T; identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; position p; @@ ((T)get_random_u32()@p & (LITERAL)) // Examine limits @script:python add_one@ literal << literal_mask.LITERAL; RESULT; @@ value = None if literal.startswith('0x'): value = int(literal, 16) elif literal[0] in '123456789': value = int(literal, 10) if value is None: print("I don't know how to handle %s" % (literal)) cocci.include_match(False) elif value < 256: coccinelle.RESULT = cocci.make_ident("get_random_u8") elif value < 65536: coccinelle.RESULT = cocci.make_ident("get_random_u16") else: print("Skipping large mask of %s" % (literal)) cocci.include_match(False) // Replace the literal mask with the calculated result. @plus_one@ expression literal_mask.LITERAL; position literal_mask.p; identifier add_one.RESULT; identifier FUNC; @@ - (FUNC()@p & (LITERAL)) + (RESULT() & LITERAL) Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> # for sch_cake Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-10-11treewide: use prandom_u32_max() when possible, part 1Jason A. Donenfeld1-43/+43
Rather than incurring a division or requesting too many random bytes for the given range, use the prandom_u32_max() function, which only takes the minimum required bytes from the RNG and avoids divisions. This was done mechanically with this coccinelle script: @basic@ expression E; type T; identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; typedef u64; @@ ( - ((T)get_random_u32() % (E)) + prandom_u32_max(E) | - ((T)get_random_u32() & ((E) - 1)) + prandom_u32_max(E * XXX_MAKE_SURE_E_IS_POW2) | - ((u64)(E) * get_random_u32() >> 32) + prandom_u32_max(E) | - ((T)get_random_u32() & ~PAGE_MASK) + prandom_u32_max(PAGE_SIZE) ) @multi_line@ identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; identifier RAND; expression E; @@ - RAND = get_random_u32(); ... when != RAND - RAND %= (E); + RAND = prandom_u32_max(E); // Find a potential literal @literal_mask@ expression LITERAL; type T; identifier get_random_u32 =~ "get_random_int|prandom_u32|get_random_u32"; position p; @@ ((T)get_random_u32()@p & (LITERAL)) // Add one to the literal. @script:python add_one@ literal << literal_mask.LITERAL; RESULT; @@ value = None if literal.startswith('0x'): value = int(literal, 16) elif literal[0] in '123456789': value = int(literal, 10) if value is None: print("I don't know how to handle %s" % (literal)) cocci.include_match(False) elif value == 2**32 - 1 or value == 2**31 - 1 or value == 2**24 - 1 or value == 2**16 - 1 or value == 2**8 - 1: print("Skipping 0x%x for cleanup elsewhere" % (value)) cocci.include_match(False) elif value & (value + 1) != 0: print("Skipping 0x%x because it's not a power of two minus one" % (value)) cocci.include_match(False) elif literal.startswith('0x'): coccinelle.RESULT = cocci.make_expr("0x%x" % (value + 1)) else: coccinelle.RESULT = cocci.make_expr("%d" % (value + 1)) // Replace the literal mask with the calculated result. @plus_one@ expression literal_mask.LITERAL; position literal_mask.p; expression add_one.RESULT; identifier FUNC; @@ - (FUNC()@p & (LITERAL)) + prandom_u32_max(RESULT) @collapse_ret@ type T; identifier VAR; expression E; @@ { - T VAR; - VAR = (E); - return VAR; + return E; } @drop_var@ type T; identifier VAR; @@ { - T VAR; ... when != VAR } Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> # for ext4 and sbitmap Reviewed-by: Christoph Böhmwalder <christoph.boehmwalder@linbit.com> # for drbd Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> # for s390 Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org> # for mmc Acked-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> # for xfs Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-10-10Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - Yu Zhao's Multi-Gen LRU patches are here. They've been under test in linux-next for a couple of months without, to my knowledge, any negative reports (or any positive ones, come to that). - Also the Maple Tree from Liam Howlett. An overlapping range-based tree for vmas. It it apparently slightly more efficient in its own right, but is mainly targeted at enabling work to reduce mmap_lock contention. Liam has identified a number of other tree users in the kernel which could be beneficially onverted to mapletrees. Yu Zhao has identified a hard-to-hit but "easy to fix" lockdep splat at [1]. This has yet to be addressed due to Liam's unfortunately timed vacation. He is now back and we'll get this fixed up. - Dmitry Vyukov introduces KMSAN: the Kernel Memory Sanitizer. It uses clang-generated instrumentation to detect used-unintialized bugs down to the single bit level. KMSAN keeps finding bugs. New ones, as well as the legacy ones. - Yang Shi adds a userspace mechanism (madvise) to induce a collapse of memory into THPs. - Zach O'Keefe has expanded Yang Shi's madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to support file/shmem-backed pages. - userfaultfd updates from Axel Rasmussen - zsmalloc cleanups from Alexey Romanov - cleanups from Miaohe Lin: vmscan, hugetlb_cgroup, hugetlb and memory-failure - Huang Ying adds enhancements to NUMA balancing memory tiering mode's page promotion, with a new way of detecting hot pages. - memcg updates from Shakeel Butt: charging optimizations and reduced memory consumption. - memcg cleanups from Kairui Song. - memcg fixes and cleanups from Johannes Weiner. - Vishal Moola provides more folio conversions - Zhang Yi removed ll_rw_block() :( - migration enhancements from Peter Xu - migration error-path bugfixes from Huang Ying - Aneesh Kumar added ability for a device driver to alter the memory tiering promotion paths. For optimizations by PMEM drivers, DRM drivers, etc. - vma merging improvements from Jakub Matěn. - NUMA hinting cleanups from David Hildenbrand. - xu xin added aditional userspace visibility into KSM merging activity. - THP & KSM code consolidation from Qi Zheng. - more folio work from Matthew Wilcox. - KASAN updates from Andrey Konovalov. - DAMON cleanups from Kaixu Xia. - DAMON work from SeongJae Park: fixes, cleanups. - hugetlb sysfs cleanups from Muchun Song. - Mike Kravetz fixes locking issues in hugetlbfs and in hugetlb core. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOUHufZabH85CeUN-MEMgL8gJGzJEWUrkiM58JkTbBhh-jew0Q@mail.gmail.com [1] * tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (555 commits) hugetlb: allocate vma lock for all sharable vmas hugetlb: take hugetlb vma_lock when clearing vma_lock->vma pointer hugetlb: fix vma lock handling during split vma and range unmapping mglru: mm/vmscan.c: fix imprecise comments mm/mglru: don't sync disk for each aging cycle mm: memcontrol: drop dead CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP config symbol mm: memcontrol: use do_memsw_account() in a few more places mm: memcontrol: deprecate swapaccounting=0 mode mm: memcontrol: don't allocate cgroup swap arrays when memcg is disabled mm/secretmem: remove reduntant return value mm/hugetlb: add available_huge_pages() func mm: remove unused inline functions from include/linux/mm_inline.h selftests/vm: add selftest for MADV_COLLAPSE of uffd-minor memory selftests/vm: add file/shmem MADV_COLLAPSE selftest for cleared pmd selftests/vm: add thp collapse shmem testing selftests/vm: add thp collapse file and tmpfs testing selftests/vm: modularize thp collapse memory operations selftests/vm: dedup THP helpers mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file() mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE ...
2022-10-03crypto: kmsan: disable accelerated configs under KMSANAlexander Potapenko1-0/+30
KMSAN is unable to understand when initialized values come from assembly. Disable accelerated configs in KMSAN builds to prevent false positive reports. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-27-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Chri