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2026-02-06dma/pool: distinguish between missing and exhausted atomic poolsSai Sree Kartheek Adivi1-1/+6
[ Upstream commit 56c430c7f06d838fe3b2077dbbc4cc0bf992312b ] Currently, dma_alloc_from_pool() unconditionally warns and dumps a stack trace when an allocation fails, with the message "Failed to get suitable pool". This conflates two distinct failure modes: 1. Configuration error: No atomic pool is available for the requested DMA mask (a fundamental system setup issue) 2. Resource Exhaustion: A suitable pool exists but is currently full (a recoverable runtime state) This lack of distinction prevents drivers from using __GFP_NOWARN to suppress error messages during temporary pressure spikes, such as when awaiting synchronous reclaim of descriptors. Refactor the error handling to distinguish these cases: - If no suitable pool is found, keep the unconditional WARN regarding the missing pool. - If a pool was found but is exhausted, respect __GFP_NOWARN and update the warning message to explicitly state "DMA pool exhausted". Fixes: 9420139f516d ("dma-pool: fix coherent pool allocations for IOMMU mappings") Signed-off-by: Sai Sree Kartheek Adivi <s-adivi@ti.com> Reviewed-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260128133554.3056582-1-s-adivi@ti.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2026-01-19dma/pool: eliminate alloc_pages warning in atomic_pool_expandDave Kleikamp1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 463d439becb81383f3a5a5d840800131f265a09c ] atomic_pool_expand iteratively tries the allocation while decrementing the page order. There is no need to issue a warning if an attempted allocation fails. Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <dave.kleikamp@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Fixes: d7e673ec2c8e ("dma-pool: Only allocate from CMA when in same memory zone") [mszyprow: fixed typo] Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251202152810.142370-1-dave.kleikamp@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2025-09-04dma/pool: Ensure DMA_DIRECT_REMAP allocations are decryptedShanker Donthineni1-2/+2
commit 89a2d212bdb4bc29bed8e7077abe054b801137ea upstream. When CONFIG_DMA_DIRECT_REMAP is enabled, atomic pool pages are remapped via dma_common_contiguous_remap() using the supplied pgprot. Currently, the mapping uses pgprot_dmacoherent(PAGE_KERNEL), which leaves the memory encrypted on systems with memory encryption enabled (e.g., ARM CCA Realms). This can cause the DMA layer to fail or crash when accessing the memory, as the underlying physical pages are not configured as expected. Fix this by requesting a decrypted mapping in the vmap() call: pgprot_decrypted(pgprot_dmacoherent(PAGE_KERNEL)) This ensures that atomic pool memory is consistently mapped unencrypted. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <sdonthineni@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250811181759.998805-1-sdonthineni@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-05-02dma/contiguous: avoid warning about unused size_bytesArnd Bergmann1-2/+1
[ Upstream commit d7b98ae5221007d3f202746903d4c21c7caf7ea9 ] When building with W=1, this variable is unused for configs with CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_PERCENTAGE=y: kernel/dma/contiguous.c:67:26: error: 'size_bytes' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-const-variable=] Change this to a macro to avoid the warning. Fixes: c64be2bb1c6e ("drivers: add Contiguous Memory Allocator") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250409151557.3890443-1-arnd@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-12-14dma-debug: fix a possible deadlock on radix_lockLevi Yun1-2/+6
[ Upstream commit 7543c3e3b9b88212fcd0aaf5cab5588797bdc7de ] radix_lock() shouldn't be held while holding dma_hash_entry[idx].lock otherwise, there's a possible deadlock scenario when dma debug API is called holding rq_lock(): CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 dma_free_attrs() check_unmap() add_dma_entry() __schedule() //out (A) rq_lock() get_hash_bucket() (A) dma_entry_hash check_sync() (A) radix_lock() (W) dma_entry_hash dma_entry_free() (W) radix_lock() // CPU2's one (W) rq_lock() CPU1 situation can happen when it extending radix tree and it tries to wake up kswapd via wake_all_kswapd(). CPU2 situation can happen while perf_event_task_sched_out() (i.e. dma sync operation is called while deleting perf_event using etm and etr tmc which are Arm Coresight hwtracing driver backends). To remove this possible situation, call dma_entry_free() after put_hash_bucket() in check_unmap(). Reported-by: Denis Nikitin <denik@chromium.org> Closes: https://lists.linaro.org/archives/list/coresight@lists.linaro.org/thread/2WMS7BBSF5OZYB63VT44U5YWLFP5HL6U/#RWM6MLQX5ANBTEQ2PRM7OXCBGCE6NPWU Signed-off-by: Levi Yun <yeoreum.yun@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-09-12dma-debug: avoid deadlock between dma debug vs printk and netconsoleRik van Riel1-1/+4
[ Upstream commit bd44ca3de49cc1badcff7a96010fa2c64f04868c ] Currently the dma debugging code can end up indirectly calling printk under the radix_lock. This happens when a radix tree node allocation fails. This is a problem because the printk code, when used together with netconsole, can end up inside the dma debugging code while trying to transmit a message over netcons. This creates the possibility of either a circular deadlock on the same CPU, with that CPU trying to grab the radix_lock twice, or an ABBA deadlock between different CPUs, where one CPU grabs the console lock first and then waits for the radix_lock, while the other CPU is holding the radix_lock and is waiting for the console lock. The trace captured by lockdep is of the ABBA variant. -> #2 (&dma_entry_hash[i].lock){-.-.}-{2:2}: _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x5a/0x90 debug_dma_map_page+0x79/0x180 dma_map_page_attrs+0x1d2/0x2f0 bnxt_start_xmit+0x8c6/0x1540 netpoll_start_xmit+0x13f/0x180 netpoll_send_skb+0x20d/0x320 netpoll_send_udp+0x453/0x4a0 write_ext_msg+0x1b9/0x460 console_flush_all+0x2ff/0x5a0 console_unlock+0x55/0x180 vprintk_emit+0x2e3/0x3c0 devkmsg_emit+0x5a/0x80 devkmsg_write+0xfd/0x180 do_iter_readv_writev+0x164/0x1b0 vfs_writev+0xf9/0x2b0 do_writev+0x6d/0x110 do_syscall_64+0x80/0x150 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 -> #0 (console_owner){-.-.}-{0:0}: __lock_acquire+0x15d1/0x31a0 lock_acquire+0xe8/0x290 console_flush_all+0x2ea/0x5a0 console_unlock+0x55/0x180 vprintk_emit+0x2e3/0x3c0 _printk+0x59/0x80 warn_alloc+0x122/0x1b0 __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x1101/0x1120 __alloc_pages+0x1eb/0x2c0 alloc_slab_page+0x5f/0x150 new_slab+0x2dc/0x4e0 ___slab_alloc+0xdcb/0x1390 kmem_cache_alloc+0x23d/0x360 radix_tree_node_alloc+0x3c/0xf0 radix_tree_insert+0xf5/0x230 add_dma_entry+0xe9/0x360 dma_map_page_attrs+0x1d2/0x2f0 __bnxt_alloc_rx_frag+0x147/0x180 bnxt_alloc_rx_data+0x79/0x160 bnxt_rx_skb+0x29/0xc0 bnxt_rx_pkt+0xe22/0x1570 __bnxt_poll_work+0x101/0x390 bnxt_poll+0x7e/0x320 __napi_poll+0x29/0x160 net_rx_action+0x1e0/0x3e0 handle_softirqs+0x190/0x510 run_ksoftirqd+0x4e/0x90 smpboot_thread_fn+0x1a8/0x270 kthread+0x102/0x120 ret_from_fork+0x2f/0x40 ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20 This bug is more likely than it seems, because when one CPU has run out of memory, chances are the other has too. The good news is, this bug is hidden behind the CONFIG_DMA_API_DEBUG, so not many users are likely to trigger it. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Reported-by: Konstantin Ovsepian <ovs@meta.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-08-19dma: fix call order in dmam_free_coherentLance Richardson1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 28e8b7406d3a1f5329a03aa25a43aa28e087cb20 ] dmam_free_coherent() frees a DMA allocation, which makes the freed vaddr available for reuse, then calls devres_destroy() to remove and free the data structure used to track the DMA allocation. Between the two calls, it is possible for a concurrent task to make an allocation with the same vaddr and add it to the devres list. If this happens, there will be two entries in the devres list with the same vaddr and devres_destroy() can free the wrong entry, triggering the WARN_ON() in dmam_match. Fix by destroying the devres entry before freeing the DMA allocation. Tested: kokonut //net/encryption http://sponge2/b9145fe6-0f72-4325-ac2f-a84d81075b03 Fixes: 9ac7849e35f7 ("devres: device resource management") Signed-off-by: Lance Richardson <rlance@google.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-01-25dma-mapping: clear dev->dma_mem to NULL after freeing itJoakim Zhang1-1/+3
[ Upstream commit b07bc2347672cc8c7293c64499f1488278c5ca3d ] Reproduced with below sequence: dma_declare_coherent_memory()->dma_release_coherent_memory() ->dma_declare_coherent_memory()->"return -EBUSY" error It will return -EBUSY from the dma_assign_coherent_memory() in dma_declare_coherent_memory(), the reason is that dev->dma_mem pointer has not been set to NULL after it's freed. Fixes: cf65a0f6f6ff ("dma-mapping: move all DMA mapping code to kernel/dma") Signed-off-by: Joakim Zhang <joakim.zhang@cixtech.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-01-25dma-mapping: Add dma_release_coherent_memory to DMA APIMark-PK Tsai1-2/+8
[ Upstream commit e61c451476e61450f6771ce03bbc01210a09be16 ] Add dma_release_coherent_memory to DMA API to allow dma user call it to release dev->dma_mem when the device is removed. Signed-off-by: Mark-PK Tsai <mark-pk.tsai@mediatek.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220422062436.14384-2-mark-pk.tsai@mediatek.com Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Stable-dep-of: b07bc2347672 ("dma-mapping: clear dev->dma_mem to NULL after freeing it") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-10dma-debug: don't call __dma_entry_alloc_check_leak() under free_entries_lockSergey Senozhatsky1-5/+15
[ Upstream commit fb5a4315591dae307a65fc246ca80b5159d296e1 ] __dma_entry_alloc_check_leak() calls into printk -> serial console output (qcom geni) and grabs port->lock under free_entries_lock spin lock, which is a reverse locking dependency chain as qcom_geni IRQ handler can call into dma-debug code and grab free_entries_lock under port->lock. Move __dma_entry_alloc_check_leak() call out of free_entries_lock scope so that we don't acquire serial console's port->lock under it. Trimmed-down lockdep splat: The existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: -> #2 (free_entries_lock){-.-.}-{2:2}: _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x60/0x80 dma_entry_alloc+0x38/0x110 debug_dma_map_page+0x60/0xf8 dma_map_page_attrs+0x1e0/0x230 dma_map_single_attrs.constprop.0+0x6c/0xc8 geni_se_rx_dma_prep+0x40/0xcc qcom_geni_serial_isr+0x310/0x510 __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x110/0x244 handle_irq_event_percpu+0x20/0x54 handle_irq_event+0x50/0x88 handle_fasteoi_irq+0xa4/0xcc handle_irq_desc+0x28/0x40 generic_handle_domain_irq+0x24/0x30 gic_handle_irq+0xc4/0x148 do_interrupt_handler+0xa4/0xb0 el1_interrupt+0x34/0x64 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch_local_irq_enable+0x4/0x8 ____do_softirq+0x18/0x24 ... -> #1 (&port_lock_key){-.-.}-{2:2}: _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x60/0x80 qcom_geni_serial_console_write+0x184/0x1dc console_flush_all+0x344/0x454 console_unlock+0x94/0xf0 vprintk_emit+0x238/0x24c vprintk_default+0x3c/0x48 vprintk+0xb4/0xbc _printk+0x68/0x90 register_console+0x230/0x38c uart_add_one_port+0x338/0x494 qcom_geni_serial_probe+0x390/0x424 platform_probe+0x70/0xc0 really_probe+0x148/0x280 __driver_probe_device+0xfc/0x114 driver_probe_device+0x44/0x100 __device_attach_driver+0x64/0xdc bus_for_each_drv+0xb0/0xd8 __device_attach+0xe4/0x140 device_initial_probe+0x1c/0x28 bus_probe_device+0x44/0xb0 device_add+0x538/0x668 of_device_add+0x44/0x50 of_platform_device_create_pdata+0x94/0xc8 of_platform_bus_create+0x270/0x304 of_platform_populate+0xac/0xc4 devm_of_platform_populate+0x60/0xac geni_se_probe+0x154/0x160 platform_probe+0x70/0xc0 ... -> #0 (console_owner){-...}-{0:0}: __lock_acquire+0xdf8/0x109c lock_acquire+0x234/0x284 console_flush_all+0x330/0x454 console_unlock+0x94/0xf0 vprintk_emit+0x238/0x24c vprintk_default+0x3c/0x48 vprintk+0xb4/0xbc _printk+0x68/0x90 dma_entry_alloc+0xb4/0x110 debug_dma_map_sg+0xdc/0x2f8 __dma_map_sg_attrs+0xac/0xe4 dma_map_sgtable+0x30/0x4c get_pages+0x1d4/0x1e4 [msm] msm_gem_pin_pages_locked+0x38/0xac [msm] msm_gem_pin_vma_locked+0x58/0x88 [msm] msm_ioctl_gem_submit+0xde4/0x13ac [msm] drm_ioctl_kernel+0xe0/0x15c drm_ioctl+0x2e8/0x3f4 vfs_ioctl+0x30/0x50 ... Chain exists of: console_owner --> &port_lock_key --> free_entries_lock Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(free_entries_lock); lock(&port_lock_key); lock(free_entries_lock); lock(console_owner); *** DEADLOCK *** Call trace: dump_backtrace+0xb4/0xf0 show_stack+0x20/0x30 dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x84 dump_stack+0x18/0x24 print_circular_bug+0x1cc/0x234 check_noncircular+0x78/0xac __lock_acquire+0xdf8/0x109c lock_acquire+0x234/0x284 console_flush_all+0x330/0x454 console_unlock+0x94/0xf0 vprintk_emit+0x238/0x24c vprintk_default+0x3c/0x48 vprintk+0xb4/0xbc _printk+0x68/0x90 dma_entry_alloc+0xb4/0x110 debug_dma_map_sg+0xdc/0x2f8 __dma_map_sg_attrs+0xac/0xe4 dma_map_sgtable+0x30/0x4c get_pages+0x1d4/0x1e4 [msm] msm_gem_pin_pages_locked+0x38/0xac [msm] msm_gem_pin_vma_locked+0x58/0x88 [msm] msm_ioctl_gem_submit+0xde4/0x13ac [msm] drm_ioctl_kernel+0xe0/0x15c drm_ioctl+0x2e8/0x3f4 vfs_ioctl+0x30/0x50 ... Reported-by: Rob Clark <robdclark@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Acked-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-08-26dma-remap: use kvmalloc_array/kvfree for larger dma memory remapgaoxu1-2/+2
[ Upstream commit 51ff97d54f02b4444dfc42e380ac4c058e12d5dd ] If dma_direct_alloc() alloc memory in size of 64MB, the inner function dma_common_contiguous_remap() will allocate 128KB memory by invoking the function kmalloc_array(). and the kmalloc_array seems to fail to try to allocate 128KB mem. Call trace: [14977.928623] qcrosvm: page allocation failure: order:5, mode:0x40cc0 [14977.928638] dump_backtrace.cfi_jt+0x0/0x8 [14977.928647] dump_stack_lvl+0x80/0xb8 [14977.928652] warn_alloc+0x164/0x200 [14977.928657] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x9f0/0xb4c [14977.928660] __alloc_pages+0x21c/0x39c [14977.928662] kmalloc_order+0x48/0x108 [14977.928666] kmalloc_order_trace+0x34/0x154 [14977.928668] __kmalloc+0x548/0x7e4 [14977.928673] dma_direct_alloc+0x11c/0x4f8 [14977.928678] dma_alloc_attrs+0xf4/0x138 [14977.928680] gh_vm_ioctl_set_fw_name+0x3c4/0x610 [gunyah] [14977.928698] gh_vm_ioctl+0x90/0x14c [gunyah] [14977.928705] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x184/0x210 work around by doing kvmalloc_array instead. Signed-off-by: Gao Xu <gaoxu2@hihonor.com> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-10-05swiotlb: max mapping size takes min align mask into accountTianyu Lan1-1/+12
commit 82806744fd7dde603b64c151eeddaa4ee62193fd upstream. swiotlb_find_slots() skips slots according to io tlb aligned mask calculated from min aligned mask and original physical address offset. This affects max mapping size. The mapping size can't achieve the IO_TLB_SEGSIZE * IO_TLB_SIZE when original offset is non-zero. This will cause system boot up failure in Hyper-V Isolation VM where swiotlb force is enabled. Scsi layer use return value of dma_max_mapping_size() to set max segment size and it finally calls swiotlb_max_mapping_size(). Hyper-V storage driver sets min align mask to 4k - 1. Scsi layer may pass 256k length of request buffer with 0~4k offset and Hyper-V storage driver can't get swiotlb bounce buffer via DMA API. Swiotlb_find_slots() can't find 256k length bounce buffer with offset. Make swiotlb_max_mapping _size() take min align mask into account. Signed-off-by: Tianyu Lan <Tianyu.Lan@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Rishabh Bhatnagar <risbhat@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-09-15swiotlb: avoid potential left shift overflowChao Gao1-1/+4
[ Upstream commit 3f0461613ebcdc8c4073e235053d06d5aa58750f ] The second operand passed to slot_addr() is declared as int or unsigned int in all call sites. The left-shift to get the offset of a slot can overflow if swiotlb size is larger than 4G. Convert the macro to an inline function and declare the second argument as phys_addr_t to avoid the potential overflow. Fixes: 26a7e094783d ("swiotlb: refactor swiotlb_tbl_map_single") Signed-off-by: Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-22dma-direct: don't over-decrypt memoryRobin Murphy1-10/+6
commit 4a37f3dd9a83186cb88d44808ab35b78375082c9 upstream. The original x86 sev_alloc() only called set_memory_decrypted() on memory returned by alloc_pages_node(), so the page order calculation fell out of that logic. However, the common dma-direct code has several potential allocators, not all of which are guaranteed to round up the underlying allocation to a power-of-two size, so carrying over that calculation for the encryption/decryption size was a mistake. Fix it by rounding to a *number* of pages, rather than an order. Until recently there was an even worse interaction with DMA_DIRECT_REMAP where we could have ended up decrypting part of the next adjacent vmalloc area, only averted by no architecture actually supporting both configs at once. Don't ask how I found that one out... Fixes: c10f07aa27da ("dma/direct: Handle force decryption for DMA coherent buffers in common code") Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> [ backport the functional change without all the prior refactoring ] Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-22dma-debug: make things less spammy under memory pressureRob Clark1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit e19f8fa6ce1ca9b8b934ba7d2e8f34c95abc6e60 ] Limit the error msg to avoid flooding the console. If you have a lot of threads hitting this at once, they could have already gotten passed the dma_debug_disabled() check before they get to the point of allocation failure, resulting in quite a lot of this error message spamming the log. Use pr_err_once() to limit that. Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robdclark@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09dma-debug: change allocation mode from GFP_NOWAIT to GFP_ATIOMICMikulas Patocka1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 84bc4f1dbbbb5f8aa68706a96711dccb28b518e5 ] We observed the error "cacheline tracking ENOMEM, dma-debug disabled" during a light system load (copying some files). The reason for this error is that the dma_active_cacheline radix tree uses GFP_NOWAIT allocation - so it can't access the emergency memory reserves and it fails as soon as anybody reaches the watermark. This patch changes GFP_NOWAIT to GFP_ATOMIC, so that it can access the emergency memory reserves. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-05-25Reinstate some of "swiotlb: rework "fix info leak with DMA_FROM_DEVICE""Linus Torvalds1-3/+8
[ Upstream commit 901c7280ca0d5e2b4a8929fbe0bfb007ac2a6544 ] Halil Pasic points out [1] that the full revert of that commit (revert in bddac7c1e02b), and that a partial revert that only reverts the problematic case, but still keeps some of the cleanups is probably better.  And that partial revert [2] had already been verified by Oleksandr Natalenko to also fix the issue, I had just missed that in the long discussion. So let's reinstate the cleanups from commit aa6f8dcbab47 ("swiotlb: rework "fix info leak with DMA_FROM_DEVICE""), and effectively only revert the part that caused problems. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220328013731.017ae3e3.pasic@linux.ibm.com/ [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220324055732.GB12078@lst.de/ [2] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/4386660.LvFx2qVVIh@natalenko.name/ [3] Suggested-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> Cc: Christoph Hellwig" <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-05-25Revert "swiotlb: fix info leak with DMA_FROM_DEVICE"Sasha Levin1-2/+1
This reverts commit d4d975e7921079f877f828099bb8260af335508f. Upstream had a follow-up fix, revert, and a semi-reverted-revert. Instead of going through this chain which is more painful to backport, I'm just going to revert this original commit and pick the final one. Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-04-20dma-direct: avoid redundant memory sync for swiotlbChao Gao1-1/+2
commit 9e02977bfad006af328add9434c8bffa40e053bb upstream. When we looked into FIO performance with swiotlb enabled in VM, we found swiotlb_bounce() is always called one more time than expected for each DMA read request. It turns out that the bounce buffer is copied to original DMA buffer twice after the completion of a DMA request (one is done by in dma_direct_sync_single_for_cpu(), the other by swiotlb_tbl_unmap_single()). But the content in bounce buffer actually doesn't change between the two rounds of copy. So, one round of copy is redundant. Pass DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC flag to swiotlb_tbl_unmap_single() to skip the memory copy in it. This fix increases FIO 64KB sequential read throughput in a guest with swiotlb=force by 5.6%. Fixes: 55897af63091 ("dma-direct: merge swiotlb_dma_ops into the dma_direct code") Reported-by: Wang Zhaoyang1 <zhaoyang1.wang@intel.com> Reported-by: Gao Liang <liang.gao@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-04-08dma-debug: fix return value of __setup handlersRandy Dunlap1-2/+2
[ Upstream commit 80e4390981618e290616dbd06ea190d4576f219d ] When valid kernel command line parameters dma_debug=off dma_debug_entries=100 are used, they are reported as Unknown parameters and added to init's environment strings, polluting it. Unknown kernel command line parameters "BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/bzImage-517rc5 dma_debug=off dma_debug_entries=100", will be passed to user space. and Run /sbin/init as init process with arguments: /sbin/init with environment: HOME=/ TERM=linux BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/bzImage-517rc5 dma_debug=off dma_debug_entries=100 Return 1 from these __setup handlers to indicate that the command line option has been handled. Fixes: 59d3daafa1726 ("dma-debug: add kernel command line parameters") Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Reported-by: Igor Zhbanov <i.zhbanov@omprussia.ru> Link: lore.kernel.org/r/64644a2f-4a20-bab3-1e15-3b2cdd0defe3@omprussia.ru Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: iommu@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-04-08swiotlb: fix info leak with DMA_FROM_DEVICEHalil Pasic1-1/+2
commit ddbd89deb7d32b1fbb879f48d68fda1a8ac58e8e upstream. The problem I'm addressing was discovered by the LTP test covering cve-2018-1000204. A short description of what happens follows: 1) The test case issues a command code 00 (TEST UNIT READY) via the SG_IO interface with: dxfer_len == 524288, dxdfer_dir == SG_DXFER_FROM_DEV and a corresponding dxferp. The peculiar thing about this is that TUR is not reading from the device. 2) In sg_start_req() the invocation of blk_rq_map_user() effectively bounces the user-space buffer. As if the device was to transfer into it. Since commit a45b599ad808 ("scsi: sg: allocate with __GFP_ZERO in sg_build_indirect()") we make sure this first bounce buffer is allocated with GFP_ZERO. 3) For the rest of the story we keep ignoring that we have a TUR, so the device won't touch the buffer we prepare as if the we had a DMA_FROM_DEVICE type of situation. My setup uses a virtio-scsi device and the buffer allocated by SG is mapped by the function virtqueue_add_split() which uses DMA_FROM_DEVICE for the "in" sgs (here scatter-gather and not scsi generics). This mapping involves bouncing via the swiotlb (we need swiotlb to do virtio in protected guest like s390 Secure Execution, or AMD SEV). 4) When the SCSI TUR is done, we first copy back the content of the second (that is swiotlb) bounce buffer (which most likely contains some previous IO data), to the first bounce buffer, which contains all zeros. Then we copy back the content of the first bounce buffer to the user-space buffer. 5) The test case detects that the buffer, which it zero-initialized, ain't all zeros and fails. One can argue that this is an swiotlb problem, because without swiotlb we leak all zeros, and the swiotlb should be transparent in a sense that it does not affect the outcome (if all other participants are well behaved). Copying the content of the original buffer into the swiotlb buffer is the only way I can think of to make swiotlb transparent in such scenarios. So let's do just that if in doubt, but allow the driver to tell us that the whole mapped buffer is going to be overwritten, in which case we can preserve the old behavior and avoid the performance impact of the extra bounce. Signed-off-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-01-27dma/pool: create dma atomic pool only if dma zone has managed pagesBaoquan He1-2/+2
commit a674e48c5443d12a8a43c3ac42367aa39505d506 upstream. Currently three dma atomic pools are initialized as long as the relevant kernel codes are built in. While in kdump kernel of x86_64, this is not right when trying to create atomic_pool_dma, because there's no managed pages in DMA zone. In the case, DMA zone only has low 1M memory presented and locked down by memblock allocator. So no pages are added into buddy of DMA zone. Please check commit f1d4d47c5851 ("x86/setup: Always reserve the first 1M of RAM"). Then in kdump kernel of x86_64, it always prints below failure message: DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:5, mode:0xcc1(GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0 CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.13.0-0.rc5.20210611git929d931f2b40.42.fc35.x86_64 #1 Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R910/0P658H, BIOS 2.12.0 06/04/2018 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x7f/0xa1 warn_alloc.cold+0x72/0xd6 __alloc_pages_slowpath.constprop.0+0xf29/0xf50 __alloc_pages+0x24d/0x2c0 alloc_page_interleave+0x13/0xb0 atomic_pool_expand+0x118/0x210 __dma_atomic_pool_init+0x45/0x93 dma_atomic_pool_init+0xdb/0x176 do_one_initcall+0x67/0x320 kernel_init_freeable+0x290/0x2dc kernel_init+0xa/0x111 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 Mem-Info: ...... DMA: failed to allocate 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocation DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations Here, let's check if DMA zone has managed pages, then create atomic_pool_dma if yes. Otherwise just skip it. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211223094435.248523-3-bhe@redhat.com Fixes: 6f599d84231f ("x86/kdump: Always reserve the low 1M when the crashkernel option is specified") Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: John Donnelly <john.p.donnelly@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-10-27dma-debug: fix sg checks in debug_dma_map_sg()Gerald Schaefer1-6/+6
[ Upstream commit 293d92cbbd2418ca2ba43fed07f1b92e884d1c77 ] The following warning occurred sporadically on s390: DMA-API: nvme 0006:00:00.0: device driver maps memory from kernel text or rodata [addr=0000000048cc5e2f] [len=131072] WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 825 at kernel/dma/debug.c:1083 check_for_illegal_area+0xa8/0x138 It is a false-positive warning, due to broken logic in debug_dma_map_sg(). check_for_illegal_area() checks for overlay of sg elements with kernel text or rodata. It is called with sg_dma_len(s) instead of s->length as parameter. After the call to ->map_sg(), sg_dma_len() will contain the length of possibly combined sg elements in the DMA address space, and not the individual sg element length, which would be s->length. The check will then use the physical start address of an sg element, and add the DMA length for the overlap check, which could result in the false warning, because the DMA length can be larger than the actual single sg element length. In addition, the call to check_for_illegal_area() happens in the iteration over mapped_ents, which will not include all individual sg elements if any of them were combined in ->map_sg(). Fix this by using s->length instead of sg_dma_len(s). Also put the call to check_for_illegal_area() in a separate loop, iterating over all the individual sg elements ("nents" instead of "mapped_ents"). While at it, as suggested by Robin Murphy, also move check_for_stack() inside the new loop, as it is similarly concerned with validating the individual sg elements. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210705185252.4074653-1-gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com Fixes: 884d05970bfb ("dma-debug: use sg_dma_len accessor") Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2021-09-18dma-debug: fix debugfs initialization orderAnthony Iliopoulos1-3/+4
[ Upstream commit 173735c346c412d9f084825ecb04f24ada0e2986 ] Due to link order, dma_debug_init is called before debugfs has a chance to initialize (via debugfs_init which also happens in the core initcall stage), so the directories for dma-debug are never created. Decouple dma_debug_fs_init from dma_debug_init and defer its init until core_initcall_sync (after debugfs has been initialized) while letting dma-debug initialization occur as soon as possible to catch any early mappings, as suggested in [1]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/YIgGa6yF%2Fadg8OSN@kroah.com/ Fixes: 15b28bbcd567 ("dma-debug: move initialization to common code") Signed-off-by: Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiop@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2021-07-28dma-mapping: handle vmalloc addresses in dma_common_{mmap,get_sgtable}Roman Skakun1-2/+10
[ Upstream commit 40ac971eab89330d6153e7721e88acd2d98833f9 ] xen-swiotlb can use vmalloc backed addresses for dma coherent allocations and uses the common helpers. Properly handle them to unbreak Xen on ARM platforms. Fixes: 1b65c4e5a9af ("swiotlb-xen: use xen_alloc/free_coherent_pages") Signed-off-by: Roman Skakun <roman_skakun@epam.com> Reviewed-by: Andrii Anisov <andrii_anisov@epam.com> [hch: split the patch, renamed the helpers] Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2021-06-30swiotlb: manipulate orig_addr when tlb_addr has offsetBumyong Lee1-0/+3
commit 5f89468e2f060031cd89fd4287298e0eaf246bf6 upstream. in case of driver wants to sync part of ranges with offset, swiotlb_tbl_sync_single() copies from orig_addr base to tlb_addr with offset and ends up with data mismatch. It was removed from "swiotlb: don't modify orig_addr in swiotlb_tbl_sync_single", but said logic has to be added back in. From Linus's email: "That commit which the removed the offset calculation entirely, because the old (unsigned long)tlb_addr & (IO_TLB_SIZE - 1) was wrong, but instead of removing it, I think it should have just fixed it to be (tlb_addr - mem->start) & (IO_TLB_SIZE - 1); instead. That way the slot offset always matches the slot index calculation." (Unfortunatly that broke NVMe). The use-case that drivers are hitting is as follow: 1. Get dma_addr_t from dma_map_single() dma_addr_t tlb_addr = dma_map_single(dev, vaddr, vsize, DMA_TO_DEVICE); |<---------------vsize------------->| +-----------------------------------+ | | original buffer +-----------------------------------+ vaddr swiotlb_align_offset |<----->|<---------------vsize------------->| +-------+-----------------------------------+ | | | swiotlb buffer +-------+-----------------------------------+ tlb_addr 2. Do something 3. Sync dma_addr_t through dma_sync_single_for_device(..) dma_sync_single_for_device(dev, tlb_addr + offset, size, DMA_TO_DEVICE); Error case. Copy data to original buffer but it is from base addr (instead of base addr + offset) in original buffer: swiotlb_align_offset |<----->|<- offset ->|<- size ->| +-------+-----------------------------------+ | | |##########| | swiotlb buffer +-------+-----------------------------------+ tlb_addr |<- size ->| +-----------------------------------+ |##########| | original buffer +-----------------------------------+ vaddr The fix is to copy the data to the original buffer and take into account the offset, like so: swiotlb_align_offset |<----->|<- offset ->|<- size ->| +-------+-----------------------------------+ | | |##########| | swiotlb buffer +-------+-----------------------------------+ tlb_addr |<- offset ->|<- size ->| +-----------------------------------+ | |##########| | original buffer +-----------------------------------+ vaddr [One fix which was Linus's that made more sense to as it created a symmetry would break NVMe. The reason for that is the: unsigned int offset = (tlb_addr - mem->start) & (IO_TLB_SIZE - 1); would come up with the proper offset, but it would lose the alignment (which this patch contains).] Fixes: 16fc3cef33a0 ("swiotlb: don't modify orig_addr in swiotlb_tbl_sync_single") Signed-off-by: Bumyong Lee <bumyong.lee@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chanho Park <chanho61.park@samsung.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reported-by: Dominique MARTINET <dominique.martinet@atmark-techno.com> Reported-by: Horia Geantă <horia.geanta@nxp.com> Tested-by: Horia Geantă <horia.geanta@nxp.com> CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-19swiotlb: Fix the type of indexClaire Chang1-1/+2
[ Upstream commit 95b079d8215b83b37fa59341fda92fcb9392f14a ] Fix the type of index from unsigned int to int since find_slots() might return -1. Fixes: 26a7e094783d ("swiotlb: refactor swiotlb_tbl_map_single") Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Claire Chang <tientzu@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: respect min_align_maskJianxiong Gao1-10/+31
commit: 1f221a0d0dbf0e48ef3a9c62871281d6a7819f05 swiotlb: respect min_align_mask Respect the min_align_mask in struct device_dma_parameters in swiotlb. There are two parts to it: 1) for the lower bits of the alignment inside the io tlb slot, just extent the size of the allocation and leave the start of the slot empty 2) for the high bits ensure we find a slot that matches the high bits of the alignment to avoid wasting too much memory Based on an earlier patch from Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com>. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: don't modify orig_addr in swiotlb_tbl_sync_singleJianxiong Gao1-1/+0
commit: 16fc3cef33a04632ab6b31758abdd77563a20759 swiotlb_tbl_map_single currently nevers sets a tlb_addr that is not aligned to the tlb bucket size. But we're going to add such a case soon, for which this adjustment would be bogus. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: refactor swiotlb_tbl_map_singleJianxiong Gao1-90/+89
commit: 26a7e094783d482f3e125f09945a5bb1d867b2e6 Split out a bunch of a self-contained helpers to make the function easier to follow. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: clean up swiotlb_tbl_unmap_singleJianxiong Gao1-20/+21
commit: ca10d0f8e530600ec63c603dbace2c30927d70b7 swiotlb: clean up swiotlb_tbl_unmap_single Remove a layer of pointless indentation, replace a hard to follow ternary expression with a plain if/else. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: factor out a nr_slots helperJianxiong Gao1-4/+9
commit: c32a77fd18780a5192dfb6eec69f239faebf28fd Factor out a helper to find the number of slots for a given size. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: factor out an io_tlb_offset helperJianxiong Gao1-7/+13
commit: c7fbeca757fe74135d8b6a4c8ddaef76f5775d68 Replace the very genericly named OFFSET macro with a little inline helper that hardcodes the alignment to the only value ever passed. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-05-07swiotlb: add a IO_TLB_SIZE defineJianxiong Gao1-6/+6
commit: b5d7ccb7aac3895c2138fe0980a109116ce15eff Add a new IO_TLB_SIZE define instead open coding it using IO_TLB_SHIFT all over. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Tested-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jianxiong Gao <jxgao@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2020-11-02swiotlb: remove the tbl_dma_addr argument to swiotlb_tbl_map_singleChristoph Hellwig1-10/+6
The tbl_dma_addr argument is used to check the DMA boundary for the allocations, and thus needs to be a dma_addr_t. swiotlb-xen instead passed a physical address, which could lead to incorrect results for strange offsets. Fix this by removing the parameter entirely and hard code the DMA address for io_tlb_start instead. Fixes: 91ffe4ad534a ("swiotlb-xen: introduce phys_to_dma/dma_to_phys translations") Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2020-11-02swiotlb: fix "x86: Don't panic if can not alloc buffer for swiotlb"Stefano Stabellini1-1/+5
kernel/dma/swiotlb.c:swiotlb_init gets called first and tries to allocate a buffer for the swiotlb. It does so by calling memblock_alloc_low(PAGE_ALIGN(bytes), PAGE_SIZE); If the allocation must fail, no_iotlb_memory is set. Later during initialization swiotlb-xen comes in (drivers/xen/swiotlb-xen.c:xen_swiotlb_init) and given that io_tlb_start is != 0, it thinks the memory is ready to use when actually it is not. When the swiotlb is actually needed, swiotlb_tbl_map_single gets called and since no_iotlb_memory is set the kernel panics. Instead, if swiotlb-xen.c:xen_swiotlb_init knew the swiotlb hadn't been initialized, it would do the initialization itself, which might still succeed. Fix the panic by setting io_tlb_start to 0 on swiotlb initialization failure, and also by setting no_iotlb_memory to false on swiotlb initialization success. Fixes: ac2cbab21f31 ("x86: Don't panic if can not alloc buffer for swiotlb") Reported-by: Elliott Mitchell <ehem+xen@m5p.com> Tested-by: Elliott Mitchell <ehem+xen@m5p.com> Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@xilinx.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2020-10-20dma-mapping: move more functions to dma-map-ops.hChristoph Hellwig1-1/+1
Due to a mismerge a bunch of prototypes that should have moved to dma-map-ops.h are still in dma-mapping.h, fix that up. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2020-10-16kernel/: fix repeated words in commentsRandy Dunlap1-1/+1