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4 daysrust: pin-init: fix incorrect accessor reference lifetimeGary Guo2-68/+66
commit 68bf102226cf2199dc609b67c1e847cad4de4b57 upstream When a field has been initialized, `init!`/`pin_init!` create a reference or pinned reference to the field so it can be accessed later during the initialization of other fields. However, the reference it created is incorrectly `&'static` rather than just the scope of the initializer. This means that you can do init!(Foo { a: 1, _: { let b: &'static u32 = a; } }) which is unsound. This is caused by `&mut (*#slot).#ident`, which actually allows arbitrary lifetime, so this is effectively `'static`. Somewhat ironically, the safety justification of creating the accessor is.. "SAFETY: TODO". Fix it by adding `let_binding` method on `DropGuard` to shorten lifetime. This results exactly what we want for these accessors. The safety and invariant comments of `DropGuard` have been reworked; instead of reasoning about what caller can do with the guard, express it in a way that the ownership is transferred to the guard and `forget` takes it back, so the unsafe operations within the `DropGuard` can be more easily justified. Fixes: db96c5103ae6 ("add references to previously initialized fields") Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
4 daysrust: pin-init: internal: move alignment check to `make_field_check`Gary Guo1-41/+37
commit 83ac2870310b694775ab7e8f0244fdd94fc21926 upstream. Instead of having the reference creation serving dual-purpose as both for let bindings and alignment check, detangle them so that the alignment check is done explicitly in `make_field_check`. This is more robust against refactors that may change the way let bindings are created. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260427-pin-init-fix-v3-1-496a699674dd@garyguo.net [ Reworded for typo. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
4 daysrust: drm: gem: clean up GEM state in init failure caseEliot Courtney1-2/+11
commit 2e42a17b8f6bc3c0cd69d7556b588011d3ec2394 upstream. Currently, if `drm_gem_object_init` fails, the object is freed without any cleanup. Perform the cleanup in that case. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: c284d3e42338 ("rust: drm: gem: Add GEM object abstraction") Signed-off-by: Eliot Courtney <ecourtney@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Onur Özkan <work@onurozkan.dev> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260423-fix-gem-1-v1-1-e12e35f7bba9@nvidia.com [ Move safety comment closer to unsafe block to avoid a clippy warning. - Danilo ] Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
11 daysrust: dma: remove DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING from public attrsDanilo Krummrich1-3/+0
commit 18fb5f1f0289b8217c0c43d54d12bccc201dd640 upstream. When DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING is passed to dma_alloc_attrs(), the returned CPU address is not a pointer to the allocated memory but an opaque handle (e.g. struct page *). Coherent<T> (or CoherentAllocation<T> respectively) stores this value as NonNull<T> and exposes methods that dereference it and even modify its contents. Remove the flag from the public attrs module such that drivers cannot pass it to Coherent<T> (or CoherentAllocation<T> respectively) in the first place. Instead DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING can be supported with an additional opaque type (e.g. CoherentHandle) which does not provide access to the allocated memory. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: ad2907b4e308 ("rust: add dma coherent allocator abstraction") Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260321172749.592387-1-dakr@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-24rust: regulator: do not assume that regulator_get() returns non-nullAlice Ryhl1-15/+18
The Rust `Regulator` abstraction uses `NonNull` to wrap the underlying `struct regulator` pointer. When `CONFIG_REGULATOR` is disabled, the C stub for `regulator_get` returns `NULL`. `from_err_ptr` does not treat `NULL` as an error, so it was passed to `NonNull::new_unchecked`, causing undefined behavior. Fix this by using a raw pointer `*mut bindings::regulator` instead of `NonNull`. This allows `inner` to be `NULL` when `CONFIG_REGULATOR` is disabled, and leverages the C stubs which are designed to handle `NULL` or are no-ops. Fixes: 9b614ceada7c ("rust: regulator: add a bare minimum regulator abstraction") Reported-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260322193830.89324-1-ojeda@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324-regulator-fix-v1-1-a5244afa3c15@google.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
2026-03-14Merge tag 'rust-fixes-7.0-2' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-58/+55
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux Pull Rust fixes from Miguel Ojeda: "Toolchain and infrastructure: - Remap paths to avoid absolute ones starting with the upcoming Rust 1.95.0 release. This improves build reproducibility, avoids leaking the exact path and avoids having the same path appear in two forms The approach here avoids remapping debug information as well, in order to avoid breaking tools that used the paths to access source files, which was the previous attempt that needed to be reverted - Allow 'unused_features' lint for the upcoming Rust 1.96.0 release. While well-intentioned, we do not benefit much from the new lint - Emit dependency information into '$(depfile)' directly to avoid a temporary '.d' file (it was an old approach) 'kernel' crate: - 'str' module: fix warning under '!CONFIG_BLOCK' by making 'NullTerminatedFormatter' public - 'cpufreq' module: suppress false positive Clippy warning 'pin-init' crate: - Remove '#[disable_initialized_field_access]' attribute which was unsound. This means removing the support for structs with unaligned fields (through the 'repr(packed)' attribute), for now And document the load-bearing fact of field accessors (i.e. that they are required for soundness) - Replace shadowed return token by 'unsafe'-to-create token in order to remain sound in the face of the likely upcoming Type Alias Impl Trait (TAIT) and the next trait solver in upstream Rust" * tag 'rust-fixes-7.0-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: rust: kbuild: allow `unused_features` rust: cpufreq: suppress clippy::double_parens in Policy doctest rust: pin-init: replace shadowed return token by `unsafe`-to-create token rust: pin-init: internal: init: document load-bearing fact of field accessors rust: pin-init: internal: init: remove `#[disable_initialized_field_access]` rust: build: remap path to avoid absolute path rust: kbuild: emit dep-info into $(depfile) directly rust: str: make NullTerminatedFormatter public
2026-03-13Merge tag 'drm-rust-fixes-2026-03-12' of ↵Dave Airlie4-65/+388
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/rust/kernel into drm-fixes Core Changes: - Fix safety issue in dma_read! and dma_write!. Driver Changes (Nova Core): - Fix UB in DmaGspMem pointer accessors. - Fix stack overflow in GSP memory allocation. Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> From: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/abNBSol3CLRCqlkZ@google.com
2026-03-12rust: cpufreq: suppress clippy::double_parens in Policy doctestJohn Hubbard1-0/+1
The kernel fmt! proc macro wraps each format argument as &(arg). Passing a tuple such as (a, b) produces &((a, b)) after expansion. Clippy flags that as double_parens, but it is a false positive fixed in Clippy 1.92 [1] [2]. Suppress the warning on the affected doctest function with a reason attribute so it can be removed once the minimum toolchain moves past 1.92. [ We may end up deciding to support per-version Clippy lints, in which case we will need [3]. In the future, if [4] gets fixed, we may be able to use `Delimiter::None` as Gary suggested in [5]. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20260307170929.153892-1-ojeda@kernel.org/ [3] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/67062 [4] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/DGUA5GY2DGYN.3PG0FKLG7GFN1@garyguo.net/ [5] - Miguel ] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/15852 [1] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/pull/15939 [2] Suggested-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260312041934.362840-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com [ Reworded to replace GitHub-like short link with full URLs in Link tags. Reworded reason string to match the style of a couple others we have elsewhere. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-12rust: pin-init: replace shadowed return token by `unsafe`-to-create tokenBenno Lossin2-19/+31
We use a unit struct `__InitOk` in the closure generated by the initializer macros as the return value. We shadow it by creating a struct with the same name again inside of the closure, preventing early returns of `Ok` in the initializer (before all fields have been initialized). In the face of Type Alias Impl Trait (TAIT) and the next trait solver, this solution no longer works [1]. The shadowed struct can be named through type inference. In addition, there is an RFC proposing to add the feature of path inference to Rust, which would similarly allow [2]. Thus remove the shadowed token and replace it with an `unsafe` to create token. The reason we initially used the shadowing solution was because an alternative solution used a builder pattern. Gary writes [3]: In the early builder-pattern based InitOk, having a single InitOk type for token is unsound because one can launder an InitOk token used for one place to another initializer. I used a branded lifetime solution, and then you figured out that using a shadowed type would work better because nobody could construct it at all. The laundering issue does not apply to the approach we ended up with today. With this change, the example by Tim Chirananthavat in [1] no longer compiles and results in this error: error: cannot construct `pin_init::__internal::InitOk` with struct literal syntax due to private fields --> src/main.rs:26:17 | 26 | InferredType {} | ^^^^^^^^^^^^ | = note: private field `0` that was not provided help: you might have meant to use the `new` associated function | 26 - InferredType {} 26 + InferredType::new() | Applying the suggestion of using the `::new()` function, results in another expected error: error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `pin_init::__internal::InitOk::new` is unsafe and requires unsafe block --> src/main.rs:26:17 | 26 | InferredType::new() | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ call to unsafe function | = note: consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior Reported-by: Tim Chirananthavat <theemathas@gmail.com> Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/153535 [1] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3444#issuecomment-4016145373 [2] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/153535#issuecomment-4017620804 [3] Fixes: fc6c6baa1f40 ("rust: init: add initialization macros") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260311105056.1425041-1-lossin@kernel.org [ Added period as mentioned. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-07rust: dma: use pointer projection infra for `dma_{read,write}` macroGary Guo1-64/+50
Current `dma_read!`, `dma_write!` macros also use a custom `addr_of!()`-based implementation for projecting pointers, which has soundness issue as it relies on absence of `Deref` implementation on types. It also has a soundness issue where it does not protect against unaligned fields (when `#[repr(packed)]` is used) so it can generate misaligned accesses. This commit migrates them to use the general pointer projection infrastructure, which handles these cases correctly. As part of migration, the macro is updated to have an improved surface syntax. The current macro have dma_read!(a.b.c[d].e.f) to mean `a.b.c` is a DMA coherent allocation and it should project into it with `[d].e.f` and do a read, which is confusing as it makes the indexing operator integral to the macro (so it will break if you have an array of `CoherentAllocation`, for example). This also is problematic as we would like to generalize `CoherentAllocation` from just slices to arbitrary types. Make the macro expects `dma_read!(path.to.dma, .path.inside.dma)` as the canonical syntax. The index operator is no longer special and is just one type of projection (in additional to field projection). Similarly, make `dma_write!(path.to.dma, .path.inside.dma, value)` become the canonical syntax for writing. Another issue of the current macro is that it is always fallible. This makes sense with existing design of `CoherentAllocation`, but once we support fixed size arrays with `CoherentAllocation`, it is desirable to have the ability to perform infallible indexing as well, e.g. doing a `[0]` index of `[Foo; 2]` is okay and can be checked at build-time, so forcing falliblity is non-ideal. To capture this, the macro is changed to use `[idx]` as infallible projection and `[idx]?` as fallible index projection (those syntax are part of the general projection infra). A benefit of this is that while individual indexing operation may fail, the overall read/write operation is not fallible. Fixes: ad2907b4e308 ("rust: add dma coherent allocator abstraction") Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-4-gary@kernel.org [ Capitalize safety comments; slightly improve wording in doc-comments. - Danilo ] Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
2026-03-07rust: ptr: add projection infrastructureGary Guo3-0/+311
Add a generic infrastructure for performing field and index projections on raw pointers. This will form the basis of performing I/O projections. Pointers manipulations are intentionally using the safe wrapping variants instead of the unsafe variants, as the latter requires pointers to be inside an allocation which is not necessarily true for I/O pointers. This projection macro protects against rogue `Deref` implementation, which can causes the projected pointer to be outside the bounds of starting pointer. This is extremely unlikely and Rust has a lint to catch this, but is unsoundness regardless. The protection works by inducing type inference ambiguity when `Deref` is implemented. This projection macro also stops projecting into unaligned fields (i.e. fields of `#[repr(packed)]` structs), as misaligned pointers require special handling. This is implemented by attempting to create reference to projected field inside a `if false` block. Despite being unreachable, Rust still checks that they're not unaligned fields. The projection macro supports both fallible and infallible index projections. These are described in detail inside the documentation. Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-3-gary@kernel.org [ * Add intro-doc links where possible, * Fix typos and slightly improve wording, e.g. "as documentation describes" -> "as the documentation of [`Self::proj`] describes", * Add an empty line between regular and safety comments, before examples, and between logically independent comments, * Capitalize various safety comments. - Danilo ] Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
2026-03-07rust: ptr: add `KnownSize` trait to support DST size info extractionGary Guo2-1/+27
Add a `KnownSize` trait which is used obtain a size from a raw pointer's metadata. This makes it possible to obtain size information on a raw slice pointer. This is similar to Rust `core::mem::size_of_val_raw` which is not yet stable. Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-2-gary@kernel.org [ Fix wording in doc-comment. - Danilo ] Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
2026-03-06Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-kunit-fixes-7.0-rc3' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+8
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull kunit fixes from Shuah Khan: - Fix rust warnings when CONFIG_PRINTK is disabled - Reduce stack usage in kunit_run_tests() to fix warnings when CONFIG_FRAME_WARN is set to a relatively low value - Update email address for David Gow - Copy caller args in kunit tool in run_kernel to prevent mutation * tag 'linux_kselftest-kunit-fixes-7.0-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: kunit: reduce stack usage in kunit_run_tests() kunit: tool: copy caller args in run_kernel to prevent mutation rust: kunit: fix warning when !CONFIG_PRINTK MAINTAINERS: Update email address for David Gow
2026-03-06rust: pin-init: internal: init: document load-bearing fact of field accessorsBenno Lossin1-0/+8
The functions `[Pin]Init::__[pinned_]init` and `ptr::write` called from the `init!` macro require the passed pointer to be aligned. This fact is ensured by the creation of field accessors to previously initialized fields. Since we missed this very important fact from the beginning [1], document it in the code. Link: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/561532-pin-init/topic/initialized.20field.20accessor.20detection/with/576210658 [1] Fixes: 90e53c5e70a6 ("rust: add pin-init API core") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 6.6.y, 6.12.y: 42415d163e5d: rust: pin-init: add references to previously initialized fields Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 6.6.y, 6.12.y, 6.18.y, 6.19.y Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302140424.4097655-2-lossin@kernel.org [ Updated Cc: stable@ tags as discussed. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-06rust: pin-init: internal: init: remove `#[disable_initialized_field_access]`Benno Lossin1-31/+8
Gary noticed [1] that the initializer macros as well as the `[Pin]Init` traits cannot support unaligned fields, since they use operations that require aligned pointers. This means that any code using structs with unaligned fields in pin-init is unsound. By default, the `init!` macro generates references to initialized fields, which makes the compiler check that those fields are aligned. However, we added the `#[disable_initialized_field_access]` attribute to avoid this behavior in commit ceca298c53f9 ("rust: pin-init: internal: init: add escape hatch for referencing initialized fields"). Thus remove the `#[disable_initialized_field_access]` attribute from `init!`, which is the only safe way to create an initializer handling unaligned fields. If support for in-place initializing structs with unaligned fields is required in the future, we could figure out a solution. This is tracked in [2]. Reported-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/561532-pin-init/topic/initialized.20field.20accessor.20detection/with/576210658 [1] Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/pin-init/issues/112 [2] Fixes: ceca298c53f9 ("rust: pin-init: internal: init: add escape hatch for referencing initialized fields") Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Acked-by: Janne Grunau <j@jannau.net> Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302140424.4097655-1-lossin@kernel.org [ Adjusted tags and reworded as discussed. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-06rust: build: remap path to avoid absolute pathGary Guo1-2/+3
When building with an out directory (O=), absolute paths can end up in the file name in `#[track_caller]` or the panic message. This is not desirable as this leaks the exact path being used to build the kernel and means that the same location can appear in two forms (relative or absolute). This is reported by Asahi [1] and is being workaround in [2] previously to force everything to be absolute path. Using absolute path for everything solves the inconsistency, however it does not address the reproducibility issue. So, fix this by remap all absolute paths to srctree to relative path instead. This is previously attempted in commit dbdffaf50ff9 ("kbuild, rust: use -fremap-path-prefix to make paths relative") but that was reverted as remapping debug info causes some tool (e.g. objdump) to be unable to find sources. Therefore, use `--remap-path-scope` to only remap macros but leave debuginfo untouched. `--remap-path-scope` is only stable in Rust 1.95, so use `rustc-option` to detect its presence. This feature has been available as `-Zremap-path-scope` for all versions that we support; however due to bugs in the Rust compiler, it does not work reliably until 1.94. I opted to not enable it for 1.94 as it's just a single version that we missed. This change can be validated by building a kernel with O=, strip debug info on vmlinux, and then check if the absolute path exists in `strings vmlinux`, e.g. `strings vmlinux |grep \/home`. Reported-by: Janne Grunau <j@jannau.net> Reported-by: Asahi Lina <lina+kernel@asahilina.net> Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/288089-General/topic/Per-call-site.20data.20and.20lock.20class.20keys/near/572466559 [1] Link: https://github.com/AsahiLinux/linux/commit/54ab88878869036c9d6620101bfe17a81e88c2f9 [2] Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Acked-by: Nicolas Schier <nsc@kernel.org> # kbuild Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260226152112.3222886-1-gary@kernel.org [ Reworded for few typos. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-06rust: kbuild: emit dep-info into $(depfile) directlyGary Guo1-4/+2
After commit 295d8398c67e ("kbuild: specify output names separately for each emission type from rustc"), the preferred pattern is to ask rustc to emit dependency information into $(depfile) directly, and after commit 2185242faddd ("kbuild: remove sed commands after rustc rules"), the post-processing to remove comments is no longer necessary as fixdep can handle comments directly. Thus, emit dep-info into $(depfile) directly and remove the mv and sed invocation. This fixes the issue where a non-ignored .d file is emitted during compilation and removed shortly afterwards. [ Like Gary mentioned in Zulip, this likely happened due to rebasing the builds part of the old `syn` work I had. - Miguel ] Reported-by: Onur Özkan <work@onurozkan.dev> Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/288089-General/topic/syn.20artifact.20being.20tracked.20by.20git/with/575467879 Fixes: 7dbe46c0b11d ("rust: kbuild: add proc macro library support") Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Tested-by: Onur Özkan <work@onurozkan.dev> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260224072957.214979-1-gary@garyguo.net [ Reworded for a couple of typos. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-04rust: str: make NullTerminatedFormatter publicAlexandre Courbot1-2/+2
If `CONFIG_BLOCK` is disabled, the following warnings are displayed during build: warning: struct `NullTerminatedFormatter` is never constructed --> ../rust/kernel/str.rs:667:19 | 667 | pub(crate) struct NullTerminatedFormatter<'a> { | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | = note: `#[warn(dead_code)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default warning: associated function `new` is never used --> ../rust/kernel/str.rs:673:19 | 671 | impl<'a> NullTerminatedFormatter<'a> { | ------------------------------------ associated function in this implementation 672 | /// Create a new [`Self`] instance. 673 | pub(crate) fn new(buffer: &'a mut [u8]) -> Option<NullTerminatedFormatter<'a>> { Fix them by making `NullTerminatedFormatter` public, as it could be useful for drivers anyway. Fixes: cdde7a1951ff ("rust: str: introduce `NullTerminatedFormatter`") Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260224-nullterminatedformatter-v1-1-5bef7b9b3d4c@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-03-02rust: kunit: fix warning when !CONFIG_PRINTKAlexandre Courbot1-0/+8
If `CONFIG_PRINTK` is not set, then the following warnings are issued during build: warning: unused variable: `args` --> ../rust/kernel/kunit.rs:16:12 | 16 | pub fn err(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) { | ^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_args` | = note: `#[warn(unused_variables)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default warning: unused variable: `args` --> ../rust/kernel/kunit.rs:32:13 | 32 | pub fn info(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) { | ^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_args` Fix this by adding a no-op assignment using `args` when `CONFIG_PRINTK` is not set. Fixes: a66d733da801 ("rust: support running Rust documentation tests as KUnit ones") Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: David Gow <david@davidgow.net> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-02-23rust: io: macro_export io_define_read!() and io_define_write!()Danilo Krummrich2-54/+101
Currently, the define_read!() and define_write!() I/O macros are crate public. The only user outside of the I/O module is PCI (for the configurations space I/O backend). Consequently, when CONFIG_PCI=n this causes a compile time warning [1]. In order to fix this, rename the macros to io_define_read!() and io_define_write!() and use #[macro_export] to export them. This is better than making the crate public visibility conditional, as eventually subsystems will have their own crate. Also, I/O backends are valid to be implemented by drivers as well. For instance, there are devices (such as GPUs) that run firmware which allows to program other devices only accessible through the primary device through indirect I/O. Since the macros are now public, also add the corresponding documentation. Fixes: 121d87b28e1d ("rust: io: separate generic I/O helpers from MMIO implementation") Reported-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/driver-core/CANiq72khOYkt6t5zwMvSiyZvWWHMZuNCMERXu=7K=_5tT-8Pgg@mail.gmail.com/ [1] Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260216131534.65008-1-dakr@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
2026-02-22Merge tag 'rust-fixes-7.0' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-14/+30
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux Pull rust fixes from Miguel Ojeda: "Toolchain and infrastructure: - Pass '-Zunstable-options' flag required by the future Rust 1.95.0 - Fix 'objtool' warning for Rust 1.84.0 'kernel' crate: - 'irq' module: add missing bound detected by the future Rust 1.95.0 - 'list' module: add missing 'unsafe' blocks and placeholder safety comments to macros (an issue for future callers within the crate) 'pin-init' crate: - Clean Clippy warning that changed behavior in the future Rust 1.95.0" * tag 'rust-fixes-7.0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: rust: list: Add unsafe blocks for container_of and safety comments rust: pin-init: replace clippy `expect` with `allow` rust: irq: add `'static` bounds to irq callbacks objtool/rust: add one more `noreturn` Rust function rust: kbuild: pass `-Zunstable-options` for Rust 1.95.0
2026-02-20rust: list: Add unsafe blocks for container_of and safety commentsPhilipp Stanner1-9/+16
impl_list_item_mod.rs calls container_of! without unsafe blocks at a couple of places. Since container_of! is unsafe, the blocks are strictly necessary. The problem was so far not visible because the "unsafe-op-in-unsafe-fn" check is a lint rather than a hard compiler error, and Rust suppresses lints triggered inside of a macro from another crate. Thus, the error becomes only visible once someone from within the kernel crate tries to use linked lists: error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `core::ptr::mut_ptr::<impl *mut T>::byte_sub` is unsafe and requires unsafe block --> rust/kernel/lib.rs:252:29 | 252 | let container_ptr = field_ptr.byte_sub(offset).cast::<$Container>(); | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ call to unsafe function | ::: rust/kernel/drm/jq.rs:98:1 | 98 | / impl_list_item! { 99 | | impl ListItem<0> for BasicItem { using ListLinks { self.links }; } 100 | | } | |_- in this macro invocation | note: an unsafe function restricts its caller, but its body is safe by default --> rust/kernel/list/impl_list_item_mod.rs:216:13 | 216 | unsafe fn view_value(me: *mut $crate::list::ListLinks<$num>) -> *const Self { | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ::: rust/kernel/drm/jq.rs:98:1 | 98 | / impl_list_item! { 99 | | impl ListItem<0> for BasicItem { using ListLinks { self.links }; } 100 | | } | |_- in this macro invocation = note: requested on the command line with `-D unsafe-op-in-unsafe-fn` = note: this error originates in the macro `$crate::container_of` which comes from the expansion of the macro `impl_list_item` Therefore, add unsafe blocks to container_of! calls to fix the issue. [ As discussed, let's fix the build for those that want to use the macro within the `kernel` crate now and we can discuss the proper safety comments afterwards. Thus I removed the ones from the patch. However, we cannot just avoid the comments with `CLIPPY=1`, so I provided placeholders for now, like we did in the past. They were also needed for an `unsafe impl`. While I am not happy about it, it isn't worse than the current status (the comments were meant to be there), and at least this shows what is missing -- our pre-existing "good first issue" [1] may motivate new contributors to complete them properly. Finally, I moved one of the existing safety comments one line down so that Clippy could locate it. Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/351 [1] - Miguel ] Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: c77f85b347dd ("rust: list: remove OFFSET constants") Suggested-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Signed-off-by: Philipp Stanner <phasta@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260216131613.45344-3-phasta@kernel.org [ Fixed formatting. Reworded to fix the lint suppression explanation. Indent build error. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-02-19rust: pin-init: replace clippy `expect` with `allow`Benno Lossin1-2/+2
`clippy` has changed behavior in [1] (Rust 1.95) where it no longer warns about the `let_and_return` lint when a comment is placed between the let binding and the return expression. Nightly thus fails to build, because the expectation is no longer fulfilled. Thus replace the expectation with an `allow`. [ The errors were: error: this lint expectation is unfulfilled --> rust/pin-init/src/lib.rs:1279:10 | 1279 | #[expect(clippy::let_and_return)] | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | = note: `-D unfulfilled-lint-expectations` implied by `-D warnings` = help: to override `-D warnings` add `#[allow(unfulfilled_lint_expectations)]` error: this lint expectation is unfulfilled --> rust/pin-init/src/lib.rs:1295:10 | 1295 | #[expect(clippy::let_and_return)] | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - Miguel ] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/pull/16461 [1] Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # Needed in 6.18.y and later. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260215132232.1549861-1-lossin@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-02-19rust: irq: add `'static` bounds to irq callbacksBenno Lossin1-3/+9
These callback functions take a generic `T` that is used in the body as the generic argument in `Registration` and `ThreadedRegistration`. Those types require `T: 'static`, but due to a compiler bug this requirement isn't propagated to the function. Thus add the bound. This was caught in the upstream Rust CI [1]. [ The three errors looked similar and will start appearing with Rust 1.95.0 (expected 2026-04-16). The first one was: error[E0310]: the parameter type `T` may not live long enough Error: --> rust/kernel/irq/request.rs:266:43 | 266 | let registration = unsafe { &*(ptr as *const Registration<T>) }; | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | | | the parameter type `T` must be valid for the static lifetime... | ...so that the type `T` will meet its required lifetime bounds | help: consider adding an explicit lifetime bound | 264 | unsafe extern "C" fn handle_irq_callback<T: Handler + 'static>(_irq: i32, ptr: *mut c_void) -> c_uint { | +++++++++ - Miguel ] Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/149389 [1] Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 29e16fcd67ee ("rust: irq: add &Device<Bound> argument to irq callbacks") Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com> Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20260217222425.8755-1-cole@unwrap.rs/ Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260214092740.3201946-1-lossin@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2026-02-17Merge tag 'usb-7.0-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds2-7/+17
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb Pull USB / Thunderbolt updates from Greg KH: "Here is the "big" set of USB and Thunderbolt driver updates for 7.0-rc1. Overall more lines were removed than added, thanks to dropping the obsolete isp1362 USB host controller driver, always a nice change. Other than that, nothing major happening here, highlights are: - lots of dwc3 driver updates and new hardware support added - usb gadget function driver updates - usb phy driver updates - typec driver updates and additions - USB rust binding updates for syntax and formatting changes - more usb serial device ids added - other smaller USB core and driver updates and additions All of these have been in linux-next for a long time, with no reported problems" * tag 'usb-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (77 commits) usb: typec: ucsi: Add Thunderbolt alternate mode support usb: typec: hd3ss3220: Check if regulator needs to be switched usb: phy: tegra: parametrize PORTSC1 register offset usb: phy: tegra: parametrize HSIC PTS value usb: phy: tegra: return error value from utmi_wait_register usb: phy: tegra: cosmetic fixes dt-bindings: usb: renesas,usbhs: Add RZ/G3E SoC support usb: dwc2: fix resume failure if dr_mode is host usb: cdns3: fix role switching during resume usb: dwc3: gadget: Move vbus draw to workqueue context USB: serial: option: add Telit FN920C04 RNDIS compositions usb: dwc3: Log dwc3 address in traces usb: gadget: tegra-xudc: Add handling for BLCG_COREPLL_PWRDN usb: phy: tegra: add HSIC support usb: phy: tegra: use phy type directly usb: typec: ucsi: Enforce mode selection for cros_ec_ucsi usb: typec: ucsi: Support mode selection to activate altmodes usb: typec: Introduce mode_selection bit usb: typec: Implement mode selection usb: typec: Expose alternate mode priority via sysfs ...
2026-02-17Merge tag 'char-misc-7.0-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-12/+27
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc Pull char/misc/IIO driver updates from Greg KH: "Here is the big set of char/misc/iio and other smaller driver subsystem changes for 7.0-rc1. Lots of little things in here, including: - Loads of iio driver changes and updates and additions - gpib driver updates - interconnect driver updates - i3c driver updates - hwtracing (coresight and intel) driver updates - deletion of the obsolete mwave driver - binder driver updates (rust and c versions) - mhi driver updates (causing a merge conflict, see below) - mei driver updates - fsi driver updates - eeprom driver updates - lots of other small char and misc driver updates and cleanups All of these have been in linux-next for a while, with no reported issues" * tag 'char-misc-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (297 commits) mux: mmio: fix regmap leak on probe failure rust_binder: return p from rust_binder_transaction_target_node() drivers: android: binder: Update ARef imports from sync::aref rust_binder: fix needless borrow in context.rs iio: magn: mmc5633: Fix Kconfig for combination of I3C as module and driver builtin iio: sca3000: Fix a resource leak in sca3000_probe() iio: proximity: rfd77402: Add interrupt handling support iio: proximity: rfd77402: Document device private data structure iio: proximity: rfd77402: Use devm-managed mutex initialization iio: proximity: rfd77402: Use kernel helper for result polling iio: proximity: rfd77402: Align polling timeout with datasheet iio: cros_ec: Allow enabling/disabling calibration mode iio: frequency: ad9523: correct kernel-doc bad line warning iio: buffer: buffer_impl.h: fix kernel-doc warnings iio: gyro: itg3200: Fix unchecked return value in read_raw MAINTAINERS: add entry for ADE9000 driver iio: accel: sca3000: remove unused last_timestamp field iio: accel: adxl372: remove unused int2_bitmask field iio: adc: ad7766: Use iio_trigger_generic_data_rdy_poll() iio: magnetometer: Remove IRQF_ONESHOT ...
2026-02-16Merge tag 'vfs-7.0-rc1.misc.2' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-2/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull more misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner: "Features: - Optimize close_range() from O(range size) to O(active FDs) by using find_next_bit() on the open_fds bitmap instead of linearly scanning the entire requested range. This is a significant improvement for large-range close operations on sparse file descriptor tables. - Add FS_XFLAG_VERITY file attribute for fs-verity files, retrievable via FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR and file_getattr(). The flag is read-only. Add tracepoints for fs-verity enable and verify operations, replacing the previously removed debug printk's. - Prevent nfsd from exporting special kernel filesystems like pidfs and nsfs. These filesystems have custom ->open() and ->permission() export methods that are designed for open_by_handle_at(2) only and are incompatible with nfsd. Update the exportfs documentation accordingly. Fixes: - Fix KMSAN uninit-value in ovl_fill_real() where strcmp() was used on a non-null-terminated decrypted directory entry name from fscrypt. This triggered on encrypted lower layers when the decrypted name buffer contained uninitialized tail data. The fix also adds VFS-level name_is_dot(), name_is_dotdot(), and name_is_dot_dotdot() helpers, replacing various open-coded "." and ".." checks across the tree. - Fix read-only fsflags not being reset together with xflags in vfs_fileattr_set(). Currently harmless since no read-only xflags overlap with flags, but this would cause inconsistencies for any future shared read-only flag - Return -EREMOTE instead of -ESRCH from PIDFD_GET_INFO when the target process is in a different pid namespace. This lets userspace distinguish "process exited" from "process in another namespace", matching glibc's pidfd_getpid() behavior Cleanups: - Use C-string literals in the Rust seq_file bindings, replacing the kernel::c_str!() macro (available since Rust 1.77) - Fix typo in d_walk_ret enum comment, add porting notes for the readlink_copy() calling convention change" * tag 'vfs-7.0-rc1.misc.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: fs: add porting notes about readlink_copy() pidfs: return -EREMOTE when PIDFD_GET_INFO is called on another ns nfsd: do not allow exporting of special kernel filesystems exportfs: clarify the documentation of open()/permission() expotrfs ops fsverity: add tracepoints fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files rust: seq_file: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings fs: dcache: fix typo in enum d_walk_ret comment ovl: use name_is_dot* helpers in readdir code fs: add helpers name_is_dot{,dot,_dotdot} ovl: Fix uninit-value in ovl_fill_real fs: reset read-only fsflags together with xflags fs/file: optimize close_range() complexity from O(N) to O(Sparse)
2026-02-12Merge tag 'configfs-for-v7.0' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-4/+5
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/a.hindborg/linux Pull configfs updates from Andreas Hindborg: - Switch the configfs rust bindings to use c string literals provided by the compiler, rather than a macro - A follow up on constifying `configfs_item_operations`, applying the change to the configfs sample * tag 'configfs-for-v7.0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/a.hindborg/linux: samples: configfs: Constify struct configfs_item_operations and configfs_group_operations rust: configfs: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings
2026-02-12Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2026-02-12-10-48' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-12/+12
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "ocfs2: give ocfs2 the ability to reclaim suballocator free bg" saves disk space by teaching ocfs2 to reclaim suballocator block group space (Heming Zhao) - "Add ARRAY_END(), and use it to fix off-by-one bugs" adds the ARRAY_END() macro and uses it in various places (Alejandro Colomar) - "vmcoreinfo: support VMCOREINFO_BYTES larger than PAGE_SIZE" makes the vmcore code future-safe, if VMCOREINFO_BYTES ever exceeds the page size (Pnina Feder) - "kallsyms: Prevent invalid access when showing module buildid" cleans up kallsyms code related to module buildid and fixes an invalid access crash when printing backtraces (Petr Mladek) - "Address page fault in ima_restore_measurement_list()" fixes a kexec-related crash that can occur when booting the second-stage kernel on x86 (Harshit Mogalapalli) - "kho: ABI headers and Documentation updates" updates the kexec handover ABI documentation (Mike Rapoport) - "Align atomic storage" adds the __aligned attribute to atomic_t and atomic64_t definitions to get natural alignment of both types on csky, m68k, microblaze, nios2, openrisc and sh (Finn Thain) - "kho: clean up page initialization logic" simplifies the page initialization logic in kho_restore_page() (Pratyush Yadav) - "Unload linux/kernel.h" moves several things out of kernel.h and into more appropriate places (Yury Norov) - "don't abuse task_struct.group_leader" removes the usage of ->group_leader when it is "obviously unnecessary" (Oleg Nesterov) - "list private v2 & luo flb" adds some infrastructure improvements to the live update orchestrator (Pasha Tatashin) * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2026-02-12-10-48' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (107 commits) watchdog/hardlockup: simplify perf event probe and remove per-cpu dependency procfs: fix missing RCU protection when reading real_parent in do_task_stat() watchdog/softlockup: fix sample ring index wrap in need_counting_irqs() kcsan, compiler_types: avoid duplicate type issues in BPF Type Format kho: fix doc for kho_restore_pages() tests/liveupdate: add in-kernel liveupdate test liveupdate: luo_flb: introduce File-Lifecycle-Bound global state liveupdate: luo_file: Use private list list: add kunit test for private list primitives list: add primitives for private list manipulations delayacct: fix uapi timespec64 definition panic: add panic_force_cpu= parameter to redirect panic to a specific CPU netclassid: use thread_group_leader(p) in update_classid_task() RDMA/umem: don't abuse current->group_leader drm/pan*: don't abuse current->group_leader drm/amd: kill the outdated "Only the pthreads threading model is supported" checks drm/amdgpu: don't abuse current->group_leader android/binder: use same_thread_group(proc->tsk, current) in binder_mmap() android/binder: don't abuse current->group_leader kho: skip memoryless NUMA nodes when reserving scratch areas ...
2026-02-11Merge tag 'net-next-7.0' of ↵Linus Torvalds2-5/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next Pull networking updates from Paolo Abeni: "Core & protocols: - A significant effort all around the stack to guide the compiler to make the right choice when inlining code, to avoid unneeded calls for small helper and stack canary overhead in the fast-path. This generates better and faster code with very small or no text size increases, as in many cases the call generated more code than the actual inlined helper. - Extend AccECN implementation so that is now functionally complete, also allow the user-space enabling it on a per network namespace basis. - Add support for memory providers with large (above 4K) rx buffer. Paired with hw-gro, larger rx buffer sizes reduce the number of buffers traversing the stack, dincreasing single stream CPU usage by up to ~30%. - Do not add HBH header to Big TCP GSO packets. This simplifies the RX path, the TX path and the NIC drivers, and is possible because user-space taps can now interpret correctly such packets without the HBH hint. - Allow IPv6 routes to be configured with a gateway address that is resolved out of a different interface than the one specified, aligning IPv6 to IPv4 behavior. - Multi-queue aware sch_cake. This makes it possible to scale the rate shaper of sch_cake across multiple CPUs, while still enforcing a single global rate on the interface. - Add support for the nbcon (new buffer console) infrastructure to netconsole, enabling lock-free, priority-based console operations that are safer in crash scenarios. - Improve the TCP ipv6 output path to cache the flow information, saving cpu cycles, reducing cache line misses and stack use. - Improve netfilter packet tracker to resolve clashes for most protocols, avoiding unneeded drops on rare occasions. - Add IP6IP6 tunneling acceleration to the flowtable infrastructure. - Reduce tcp socket size by one cache line. - Notify neighbour changes atomically, avoiding inconsistencies between the notification sequence and the actual states sequence. - Add