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2025-04-10selinux: Chain up tool resolving errors in install_policy.shTim Schumacher1-9/+6
[ Upstream commit 6ae0042f4d3f331e841495eb0a3d51598e593ec2 ] Subshell evaluations are not exempt from errexit, so if a command is not available, `which` will fail and exit the script as a whole. This causes the helpful error messages to not be printed if they are tacked on using a `$?` comparison. Resolve the issue by using chains of logical operators, which are not subject to the effects of errexit. Fixes: e37c1877ba5b1 ("scripts/selinux: modernize mdp") Signed-off-by: Tim Schumacher <tim.schumacher1@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2025-03-13kbuild: Move -Wenum-enum-conversion to W=2Nathan Chancellor1-1/+4
commit 8f6629c004b193d23612641c3607e785819e97ab upstream. -Wenum-enum-conversion was strengthened in clang-19 to warn for C, which caused the kernel to move it to W=1 in commit 75b5ab134bb5 ("kbuild: Move -Wenum-{compare-conditional,enum-conversion} into W=1") because there were numerous instances that would break builds with -Werror. Unfortunately, this is not a full solution, as more and more developers, subsystems, and distributors are building with W=1 as well, so they continue to see the numerous instances of this warning. Since the move to W=1, there have not been many new instances that have appeared through various build reports and the ones that have appeared seem to be following similar existing patterns, suggesting that most instances of this warning will not be real issues. The only alternatives for silencing this warning are adding casts (which is generally seen as an ugly practice) or refactoring the enums to macro defines or a unified enum (which may be undesirable because of type safety in other parts of the code). Move the warning to W=2, where warnings that occur frequently but may be relevant should reside. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 75b5ab134bb5 ("kbuild: Move -Wenum-{compare-conditional,enum-conversion} into W=1") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ZwRA9SOcOjjLJcpi@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-13genksyms: fix memory leak when the same symbol is read from *.symref fileMasahiro Yamada3-5/+9
[ Upstream commit be2fa44b5180a1f021efb40c55fdf63c249c3209 ] When a symbol that is already registered is read again from *.symref file, __add_symbol() removes the previous one from the hash table without freeing it. [Test Case] $ cat foo.c #include <linux/export.h> void foo(void); void foo(void) {} EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); $ cat foo.symref foo void foo ( void ) foo void foo ( void ) When a symbol is removed from the hash table, it must be freed along with its ->name and ->defn members. However, sym->name cannot be freed because it is sometimes shared with node->string, but not always. If sym->name and node->string share the same memory, free(sym->name) could lead to a double-free bug. To resolve this issue, always assign a strdup'ed string to sym->name. Fixes: 64e6c1e12372 ("genksyms: track symbol checksum changes") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2025-03-13genksyms: fix memory leak when the same symbol is added from sourceMasahiro Yamada2-2/+15
[ Upstream commit 45c9c4101d3d2fdfa00852274bbebba65fcc3cf2 ] When a symbol that is already registered is added again, __add_symbol() returns without freeing the symbol definition, making it unreachable. The following test cases demonstrate different memory leak points. [Test Case 1] Forward declaration with exactly the same definition $ cat foo.c #include <linux/export.h> void foo(void); void foo(void) {} EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); [Test Case 2] Forward declaration with a different definition (e.g. attribute) $ cat foo.c #include <linux/export.h> void foo(void); __attribute__((__section__(".ref.text"))) void foo(void) {} EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); [Test Case 3] Preserving an overridden symbol (compile with KBUILD_PRESERVE=1) $ cat foo.c #include <linux/export.h> void foo(void); void foo(void) { } EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); $ cat foo.symref override foo void foo ( int ) The memory leaks in Test Case 1 and 2 have existed since the introduction of genksyms into the kernel tree. [1] The memory leak in Test Case 3 was introduced by commit 5dae9a550a74 ("genksyms: allow to ignore symbol checksum changes"). When multiple init_declarators are reduced to an init_declarator_list, the decl_spec must be duplicated. Otherwise, the following Test Case 4 would result in a double-free bug. [Test Case 4] $ cat foo.c #include <linux/export.h> extern int foo, bar; int foo, bar; EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); In this case, 'foo' and 'bar' share the same decl_spec, 'int'. It must be unshared before being passed to add_symbol(). [1]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?id=46bd1da672d66ccd8a639d3c1f8a166048cca608 Fixes: 5dae9a550a74 ("genksyms: allow to ignore symbol checksum changes") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2025-01-09modpost: fix the missed iteration for the max bit in do_input()Masahiro Yamada1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit bf36b4bf1b9a7a0015610e2f038ee84ddb085de2 ] This loop should iterate over the range from 'min' to 'max' inclusively. The last interation is missed. Fixes: 1d8f430c15b3 ("[PATCH] Input: add modalias support") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Tested-by: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2025-01-09modpost: fix input MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() built for 64-bit on 32-bit hostMasahiro Yamada1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 77dc55a978e69625f9718460012e5ef0172dc4de ] When building a 64-bit kernel on a 32-bit build host, incorrect input MODULE_ALIAS() entries may be generated. For example, when compiling a 64-bit kernel with CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV=m on a 64-bit build machine, you will get the correct output: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/input/mousedev.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*2,*k*110,*r*0,*1,*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*2,*k*r*8,*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*14A,*r*a*0,*1,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*145,*r*a*0,*1,*18,*1C,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*110,*r*a*0,*1,*m*l*s*f*w*"); However, building the same kernel on a 32-bit machine results in incorrect output: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/input/mousedev.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*2,*k*110,*130,*r*0,*1,*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*2,*k*r*8,*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*14A,*16A,*r*a*0,*1,*20,*21,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*145,*165,*r*a*0,*1,*18,*1C,*20,*21,*38,*3C,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*3,*k*110,*130,*r*a*0,*1,*20,*21,*m*l*s*f*w*"); A similar issue occurs with CONFIG_INPUT_JOYDEV=m. On a 64-bit build machine, the output is: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/input/joydev.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*0,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*2,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*8,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*6,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*120,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*130,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*2C0,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); However, on a 32-bit machine, the output is incorrect: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/input/joydev.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*0,*20,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*2,*22,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*8,*28,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*3,*k*r*a*6,*26,*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*11F,*13F,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*11F,*13F,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); MODULE_ALIAS("input:b*v*p*e*-e*1,*k*2C0,*2E0,*r*a*m*l*s*f*w*"); When building a 64-bit kernel, BITS_PER_LONG is defined as 64. However, on a 32-bit build machine, the constant 1L is a signed 32-bit value. Left-shifting it beyond 32 bits causes wraparound, and shifting by 31 or 63 bits makes it a negative value. The fix in commit e0e92632715f ("[PATCH] PATCH: 1 line 2.6.18 bugfix: modpost-64bit-fix.patch") is incorrect; it only addresses cases where a 64-bit kernel is built on a 64-bit build machine, overlooking cases on a 32-bit build machine. Using 1ULL ensures a 64-bit width on both 32-bit and 64-bit machines, avoiding the wraparound issue. Fixes: e0e92632715f ("[PATCH] PATCH: 1 line 2.6.18 bugfix: modpost-64bit-fix.patch") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Stable-dep-of: bf36b4bf1b9a ("modpost: fix the missed iteration for the max bit in do_input()") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-12-14modpost: Add .irqentry.text to OTHER_SECTIONSThomas Gleixner1-1/+1
commit 7912405643a14b527cd4a4f33c1d4392da900888 upstream. The compiler can fully inline the actual handler function of an interrupt entry into the .irqentry.text entry point. If such a function contains an access which has an exception table entry, modpost complains about a section mismatch: WARNING: vmlinux.o(__ex_table+0x447c): Section mismatch in reference ... The relocation at __ex_table+0x447c references section ".irqentry.text" which is not in the list of authorized sections. Add .irqentry.text to OTHER_SECTIONS to cure the issue. Reported-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # needed for linux-5.4-y Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241128111844.GE10431@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-12-14modpost: remove incorrect code in do_eisa_entry()Masahiro Yamada1-4/+1
[ Upstream commit 0c3e091319e4748cb36ac9a50848903dc6f54054 ] This function contains multiple bugs after the following commits:  - ac551828993e ("modpost: i2c aliases need no trailing wildcard")  - 6543becf26ff ("mod/file2alias: make modalias generation safe for cross compiling") Commit ac551828993e inserted the following code to do_eisa_entry():     else             strcat(alias, "*"); This is incorrect because 'alias' is uninitialized. If it is not NULL-terminated, strcat() could cause a buffer overrun. Even if 'alias' happens to be zero-filled, it would output: MODULE_ALIAS("*"); This would match anything. As a result, the module could be loaded by any unrelated uevent from an unrelated subsystem. Commit ac551828993e introduced another bug.             Prior to that commit, the conditional check was:     if (eisa->sig[0]) This checked if the first character of eisa_device_id::sig was not '\0'. However, commit ac551828993e changed it as follows:     if (sig[0]) sig[0] is NOT the first character of the eisa_device_id::sig. The type of 'sig' is 'char (*)[8]', meaning that the type of 'sig[0]' is 'char [8]' instead of 'char'. 'sig[0]' and 'symval' refer to the same address, which never becomes NULL. The correct conversion would have been:     if ((*sig)[0]) However, this if-conditional was meaningless because the earlier change in commit ac551828993e was incorrect. This commit removes the entire incorrect code, which should never have been executed. Fixes: ac551828993e ("modpost: i2c aliases need no trailing wildcard") Fixes: 6543becf26ff ("mod/file2alias: make modalias generation safe for cross compiling") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-12-14kbuild: Use uname for LINUX_COMPILE_HOST detectionChris Down1-1/+1
commit 1e66d50ad3a1dbf0169b14d502be59a4b1213149 upstream. `hostname` may not be present on some systems as it's not mandated by POSIX/SUSv4. This isn't just a theoretical problem: on Arch Linux, `hostname` is provided by `inetutils`, which isn't part of the base distribution. ./scripts/mkcompile_h: line 38: hostname: command not found Use `uname -n` instead, which is more likely to be available (and mandated by standards). Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-11-08scripts: kconfig: merge_config: config files: add a trailing newlineAnders Roxell1-0/+2
[ Upstream commit 33330bcf031818e60a816db0cfd3add9eecc3b28 ] When merging files without trailing newlines at the end of the file, two config fragments end up at the same row if file1.config doens't have a trailing newline at the end of the file. file1.config "CONFIG_1=y" file2.config "CONFIG_2=y" ./scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m .config file1.config file2.config This will generate a .config looking like this. cat .config ... CONFIG_1=yCONFIG_2=y" Making sure so we add a newline at the end of every config file that is passed into the script. Signed-off-by: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-08-19kbuild: Fix '-S -c' in x86 stack protector scriptsNathan Chancellor2-2/+2
commit 3415b10a03945b0da4a635e146750dfe5ce0f448 upstream. After a recent change in clang to stop consuming all instances of '-S' and '-c' [1], the stack protector scripts break due to the kernel's use of -Werror=unused-command-line-argument to catch cases where flags are not being properly consumed by the compiler driver: $ echo | clang -o - -x c - -S -c -Werror=unused-command-line-argument clang: error: argument unused during compilation: '-c' [-Werror,-Wunused-command-line-argument] This results in CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR getting disabled because CONFIG_CC_HAS_SANE_STACKPROTECTOR is no longer set. '-c' and '-S' both instruct the compiler to stop at different stages of the pipeline ('-S' after compiling, '-c' after assembling), so having them present together in the same command makes little sense. In this case, the test wants to stop before assembling because it is looking at the textual assembly output of the compiler for either '%fs' or '%gs', so remove '-c' from the list of arguments to resolve the error. All versions of GCC continue to work after this change, along with versions of clang that do or do not contain the change mentioned above. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 4f7fd4d7a791 ("[PATCH] Add the -fstack-protector option to the CFLAGS") Fixes: 60a5317ff0f4 ("x86: implement x86_32 stack protector") Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/6461e537815f7fa68cef06842505353cf5600e9c [1] Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> [nathan: Fixed conflict in 32-bit version due to lack of 3fb0fdb3bbe7] Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-07-27kconfig: remove wrong expr_trans_bool()Masahiro Yamada3-32/+0
[ Upstream commit 77a92660d8fe8d29503fae768d9f5eb529c88b36 ] expr_trans_bool() performs an incorrect transformation. [Test Code] config MODULES def_bool y modules config A def_bool y select C if B != n config B def_tristate m config C tristate [Result] CONFIG_MODULES=y CONFIG_A=y CONFIG_B=m CONFIG_C=m This output is incorrect because CONFIG_C=y is expected. Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst clearly explains the function of the '!=' operator: If the values of both symbols are equal, it returns 'n', otherwise 'y'. Therefore, the statement: select C if B != n should be equivalent to: select C if y Or, more simply: select C Hence, the symbol C should be selected by the value of A, which is 'y'. However, expr_trans_bool() wrongly transforms it to: select C if B Therefore, the symbol C is selected by (A && B), which is 'm'. The comment block of expr_trans_bool() correctly explains its intention: * bool FOO!=n => FOO ^^^^ If FOO is bool, FOO!=n can be simplified into FOO. This is correct. However, the actual code performs this transformation when FOO is tristate: if (e->left.sym->type == S_TRISTATE) { ^^^^^^^^^^ While it can be fixed to S_BOOLEAN, there is no point in doing so because expr_tranform() already transforms FOO!=n to FOO when FOO is bool. (see the "case E_UNEQUAL" part) expr_trans_bool() is wrong and unnecessary. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-07-27kconfig: gconf: give a proper initial state to the Save buttonMasahiro Yamada1-1/+2
[ Upstream commit 46edf4372e336ef3a61c3126e49518099d2e2e6d ] Currently, the initial state of the "Save" button is always active. If none of the CONFIG options are changed while loading the .config file, the "Save" button should be greyed out. This can be fixed by calling conf_read() after widget initialization. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-07-27gcc-plugins: Rename last_stmt() for GCC 14+Kees Cook1-0/+4
commit 2e3f65ccfe6b0778b261ad69c9603ae85f210334 upstream. In GCC 14, last_stmt() was renamed to last_nondebug_stmt(). Add a helper macro to handle the renaming. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Thomas Meyer <thomas@m3y3r.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-06-16kconfig: fix comparison to constant symbols, 'm', 'n'Masahiro Yamada1-2/+4
[ Upstream commit aabdc960a283ba78086b0bf66ee74326f49e218e ] Currently, comparisons to 'm' or 'n' result in incorrect output. [Test Code] config MODULES def_bool y modules config A def_tristate m config B def_bool A > n CONFIG_B is unset, while CONFIG_B=y is expected. The reason for the issue is because Kconfig compares the tristate values as strings. Currently, the .type fields in the constant symbol definitions, symbol_{yes,mod,no} are unspecified, i.e., S_UNKNOWN. When expr_calc_value() evaluates 'A > n', it checks the types of 'A' and 'n' to determine how to compare them. The left-hand side, 'A', is a tristate symbol with a value of 'm', which corresponds to a numeric value of 1. (Internally, 'y', 'm', and 'n' are represented as 2, 1, and 0, respectively.) The right-hand side, 'n', has an unknown type, so it is treated as the string "n" during the comparison. expr_calc_value() compares two values numerically only when both can have numeric values. Otherwise, they are compared as strings. symbol numeric value ASCII code ------------------------------------- y 2 0x79 m 1 0x6d n 0 0x6e 'm' is greater than 'n' if compared numerically (since 1 is greater than 0), but smaller than 'n' if compared as strings (since the ASCII code 0x6d is smaller than 0x6e). Specifying .type=S_TRISTATE for symbol_{yes,mod,no} fixes the above test code. Doing so, however, would cause a regression to the following test code. [Test Code 2] config MODULES def_bool n modules config A def_tristate n config B def_bool A = m You would get CONFIG_B=y, while CONFIG_B should not be set. The reason is because sym_get_string_value() turns 'm' into 'n' when the module feature is disabled. Consequently, expr_calc_value() evaluates 'A = n' instead of 'A = m'. This oddity has been hidden because the type of 'm' was previously S_UNKNOWN instead of S_TRISTATE. sym_get_string_value() should not tweak the string because the tristate value has already been correctly calculated. There is no reason to return the string "n" where its tristate value is mod. Fixes: 31847b67bec0 ("kconfig: allow use of relations other than (in)equality") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-04-13kbuild: Move -Wenum-{compare-conditional,enum-conversion} into W=1Nathan Chancellor1-0/+2
[ Upstream commit 75b5ab134bb5f657ef7979a59106dce0657e8d87 ] Clang enables -Wenum-enum-conversion and -Wenum-compare-conditional under -Wenum-conversion. A recent change in Clang strengthened these warnings and they appear frequently in common builds, primarily due to several instances in common headers but there are quite a few drivers that have individual instances as well. include/linux/vmstat.h:508:43: warning: arithmetic between different enumeration types ('enum zone_stat_item' and 'enum numa_stat_item') [-Wenum-enum-conversion] 508 | return vmstat_text[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS + | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ 509 | item]; | ~~~~ drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c:955:24: warning: conditional expression between different enumeration types ('enum iwl_mac_beacon_flags' and 'enum iwl_mac_beacon_flags_v1') [-Wenum-compare-conditional] 955 | flags |= is_new_rate ? IWL_MAC_BEACON_CCK | ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 956 | : IWL_MAC_BEACON_CCK_V1; | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c:1120:21: warning: conditional expression between different enumeration types ('enum iwl_mac_beacon_flags' and 'enum iwl_mac_beacon_flags_v1') [-Wenum-compare-conditional] 1120 | 0) > 10 ? | ^ 1121 | IWL_MAC_BEACON_FILS : | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1122 | IWL_MAC_BEACON_FILS_V1; | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Doing arithmetic between or returning two different types of enums could be a bug, so each of the instance of the warning needs to be evaluated. Unfortunately, as mentioned above, there are many instances of this warning in many different configurations, which can break the build when CONFIG_WERROR is enabled. To avoid introducing new instances of the warnings while cleaning up the disruption for the majority of users, disable these warnings for the default build while leaving them on for W=1 builds. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Closes: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/2002 Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/8c2ae42b3e1c6aa7c18f873edcebff7c0b45a37e Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-03-26kconfig: fix infinite loop when expanding a macro at the end of fileMasahiro Yamada1-2/+5
[ Upstream commit af8bbce92044dc58e4cc039ab94ee5d470a621f5 ] A macro placed at the end of a file with no newline causes an infinite loop. [Test Kconfig] $(info,hello) \ No newline at end of file I realized that flex-provided input() returns 0 instead of EOF when it reaches the end of a file. Fixes: 104daea149c4 ("kconfig: reference environment variables directly and remove 'option env='") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-03-01scripts/bpf: Fix xdp_md forward declaration typoAndrii Nakryiko1-1/+1
commit e0b68fb186b251374adbd870f99b1ecea236e770 upstream. Fix typo in struct xpd_md, generated from bpf_helpers_doc.py, which is causing compilation warnings for programs using bpf_helpers.h Fixes: 7a387bed47f7 ("scripts/bpf: teach bpf_helpers_doc.py to dump BPF helper definitions") Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191010042534.290562-1-andriin@fb.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-03-01bpf, scripts: Correct GPL license nameGianmarco Lusvardi1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit e37243b65d528a8a9f8b9a57a43885f8e8dfc15c ] The bpf_doc script refers to the GPL as the "GNU Privacy License". I strongly suspect that the author wanted to refer to the GNU General Public License, under which the Linux kernel is released, as, to the best of my knowledge, there is no license named "GNU Privacy License". This patch corrects the license name in the script accordingly. Fixes: 56a092c89505 ("bpf: add script and prepare bpf.h for new helpers documentation") Signed-off-by: Gianmarco Lusvardi <glusvardi@posteo.net> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20240213230544.930018-3-glusvardi@posteo.net Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-03-01scripts/bpf: teach bpf_helpers_doc.py to dump BPF helper definitionsAndrii Nakryiko1-1/+154
[ Upstream commit 7a387bed47f7e80e257d966cd64a3e92a63e26a1 ] Enhance scripts/bpf_helpers_doc.py to emit C header with BPF helper definitions (to be included from libbpf's bpf_helpers.h). Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Stable-dep-of: e37243b65d52 ("bpf, scripts: Correct GPL license name") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2024-02-23kbuild: Fix changing ELF file type for output of gen_btf for big endianNathan Chancellor1-2/+7
commit e3a9ee963ad8ba677ca925149812c5932b49af69 upstream. Commit 90ceddcb4950 ("bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF") changed the ELF type of .btf.vmlinux.bin.o to ET_REL via dd, which works fine for little endian platforms: 00000000 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.ELF............| -00000010 03 00 b7 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 80 ff ff |................| +00000010 01 00 b7 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 80 ff ff |................| However, for big endian platforms, it changes the wrong byte, resulting in an invalid ELF file type, which ld.lld rejects: 00000000 7f 45 4c 46 02 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.ELF............| -00000010 00 03 00 16 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 |................| +00000010 01 03 00 16 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 |................| Type: <unknown>: 103 ld.lld: error: .btf.vmlinux.bin.o: unknown file type Fix this by updating the entire 16-bit e_type field rather than just a single byte, so that everything works correctly for all platforms and linkers. 00000000 7f 45 4c 46 02 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.ELF............| -00000010 00 03 00 16 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 |................| +00000010 00 01 00 16 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 |................| Type: REL (Relocatable file) While in the area, update the comment to mention that binutils 2.35+ matches LLD's behavior of rejecting an ET_EXEC input, which occurred after the comment was added. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 90ceddcb4950 ("bpf: Support llvm-objcopy for vmlinux BTF") Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/75643 Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <nicolas@fjasle.eu> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> [nathan: Fix silent conflict due to lack of 7d153696e5db in older trees] Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-12-20sign-file: Fix incorrect return values checkYusong Gao1-6/+6
[ Upstream commit 829649443e78d85db0cff0c37cadb28fbb1a5f6f ] There are some wrong return values check in sign-file when call OpenSSL API. The ERR() check cond is wrong because of the program only check the return value is < 0 which ignored the return val is 0. For example: 1. CMS_final() return 1 for success or 0 for failure. 2. i2d_CMS_bio_stream() returns 1 for success or 0 for failure. 3. i2d_TYPEbio() return 1 for success and 0 for failure. 4. BIO_free() return 1 for success and 0 for failure. Link: https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/ Fixes: e5a2e3c84782 ("scripts/sign-file.c: Add support for signing with a raw signature") Signed-off-by: Yusong Gao <a869920004@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231213024405.624692-1-a869920004@gmail.com/ # v5 Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-12-13kconfig: fix memory leak from range propertiesMasahiro Yamada1-8/+6
[ Upstream commit ae1eff0349f2e908fc083630e8441ea6dc434dc0 ] Currently, sym_validate_range() duplicates the range string using xstrdup(), which is overwritten by a subsequent sym_calc_value() call. It results in a memory leak. Instead, only the pointer should be copied. Below is a test case, with a summary from Valgrind. [Test Kconfig] config FOO int "foo" range 10 20 [Test .config] CONFIG_FOO=0 [Before] LEAK SUMMARY: definitely lost: 3 bytes in 1 blocks indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks still reachable: 17,465 bytes in 21 blocks suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks [After] LEAK SUMMARY: definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks still reachable: 17,462 bytes in 20 blocks suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-11-28randstruct: Fix gcc-plugin performance mode to stay in groupKees Cook1-3/+8
commit 381fdb73d1e2a48244de7260550e453d1003bb8e upstream. The performance mode of the gcc-plugin randstruct was shuffling struct members outside of the cache-line groups. Limit the range to the specified group indexes. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by: Lukas Loidolt <e1634039@student.tuwien.ac.at> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/f3ca77f0-e414-4065-83a5-ae4c4d25545d@student.tuwien.ac.at Fixes: 313dd1b62921 ("gcc-plugins: Add the randstruct plugin") Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-11-20modpost: fix tee MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE built on big-endian hostMasahiro Yamada1-5/+5
[ Upstream commit 7f54e00e5842663c2cea501bbbdfa572c94348a3 ] When MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(tee, ) is built on a host with a different endianness from the target architecture, it results in an incorrect MODULE_ALIAS(). For example, see a case where drivers/char/hw_random/optee-rng.c is built as a module for ARM little-endian. If you build it on a little-endian host, you will get the correct MODULE_ALIAS: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/char/hw_random/optee-rng.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("tee:ab7a617c-b8e7-4d8f-8301-d09b61036b64*"); However, if you build it on a big-endian host, you will get a wrong MODULE_ALIAS: $ grep MODULE_ALIAS drivers/char/hw_random/optee-rng.mod.c MODULE_ALIAS("tee:646b0361-9bd0-0183-8f4d-e7b87c617aab*"); The same problem also occurs when you enable CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN, and build it on a little-endian host. This issue has been unnoticed because the ARM kernel is configured for little-endian by default, and most likely built on a little-endian host (cross-build on x86 or native-build on ARM). The uuid field must not be reversed because uuid_t is an array of __u8. Fixes: 0fc1db9d1059 ("tee: add bus driver framework for TEE based devices") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-10modpost: add missing else to the "of" checkMauricio Faria de Oliveira1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit cbc3d00cf88fda95dbcafee3b38655b7a8f2650a ] Without this 'else' statement, an "usb" name goes into two handlers: the first/previous 'if' statement _AND_ the for-loop over 'devtable', but the latter is useless as it has no 'usb' device_id entry anyway. Tested with allmodconfig before/after patch; no changes to *.mod.c: git checkout v6.6-rc3 make -j$(nproc) allmodconfig make -j$(nproc) olddefconfig make -j$(nproc) find . -name '*.mod.c' | cpio -pd /tmp/before # apply patch make -j$(nproc) find . -name '*.mod.c' | cpio -pd /tmp/after diff -r /tmp/before/ /tmp/after/ # no difference Fixes: acbef7b76629 ("modpost: fix module autoloading for OF devices with generic compatible property") Signed-off-by: Mauricio Faria de Oliveira <mfo@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-09-23kconfig: fix possible buffer overflowKonstantin Meskhidze1-0/+3
[ Upstream commit a3b7039bb2b22fcd2ad20d59c00ed4e606ce3754 ] Buffer 'new_argv' is accessed without bound check after accessing with bound check via 'new_argc' index. Fixes: e298f3b49def ("kconfig: add built-in function support") Co-developed-by: Ivanov Mikhail <ivanov.mikhail1@huawei-partners.com> Signed-off-by: Konstantin Meskhidze <konstantin.meskhidze@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-07-27modpost: fix off by one in is_executable_section()Dan Carpenter1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 3a3f1e573a105328a2cca45a7cfbebabbf5e3192 ] The > comparison should be >= to prevent an out of bounds array access. Fixes: 52dc0595d540 ("modpost: handle relocations mismatch in __ex_table.") Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-07-27modpost: fix section mismatch message for R_ARM_{PC24,CALL,JUMP24}Masahiro Yamada1-0/+12
[ Upstream commit 56a24b8ce6a7f9c4a21b2276a8644f6f3d8fc14d ] addend_arm_rel() processes R_ARM_PC24, R_ARM_CALL, R_ARM_JUMP24 in a wrong way. Here, test code. [test code for R_ARM_JUMP24] .section .init.text,"ax" bar: bx lr .section .text,"ax" .globl foo foo: b bar [test code for R_ARM_CALL] .section .init.text,"ax" bar: bx lr .section .text,"ax" .globl foo foo: push {lr} bl bar pop {pc} If you compile it with ARM multi_v7_defconfig, modpost will show the symbol name, (unknown). WARNING: modpost: vmlinux.o: section mismatch in reference: foo (section: .text) -> (unknown) (section: .init.text) (You need to use GNU linker instead of LLD to reproduce it.) Fix the code to make modpost show the correct symbol name. I imported (with adjustment) sign_extend32() from include/linux/bitops.h. The '+8' is the compensation for pc-relative instruction. It is documented in "ELF for the Arm Architecture" [1]. "If the relocation is pc-relative then compensation for the PC bias (the PC value is 8 bytes ahead of the executing instruction in Arm state and 4 bytes in Thumb state) must be encoded in the relocation by the object producer." [1]: https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/main/aaelf32/aaelf32.rst Fixes: 56a974fa2d59 ("kbuild: make better section mismatch reports on arm") Fixes: 6e2e340b59d2 ("ARM: 7324/1: modpost: Fix section warnings for ARM for many compilers") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-07-27modpost: fix section mismatch message for R_ARM_ABS32Masahiro Yamada1-3/+9
[ Upstream commit b7c63520f6703a25eebb4f8138fed764fcae1c6f ] addend_arm_rel() processes R_ARM_ABS32 in a wrong way. Here, test code. [test code 1] #include <linux/init.h> int __initdata foo; int get_foo(void) { return foo; } If you compile it with ARM versatile_defconfig, modpost will show the symbol name, (unknown). WARNING: modpost: vmlinux.o: section mismatch in reference: get_foo (section: .text) -> (unknown) (section: .init.data) (You need to use GNU linker instead of LLD to reproduce it.) If you compile it for other architectures, modpost will show the correct symbol name. WARNING: modpost: vmlinux.o: section mismatch in reference: get_foo (section: .text) -> foo (section: .init.data) For R_ARM_ABS32, addend_arm_rel() sets r->r_addend to a wrong value. I just mimicked the code in arch/arm/kernel/module.c. However, there is more difficulty for ARM. Here, test code. [test code 2] #include <linux/init.h> int __initdata foo; int get_foo(void) { return foo; } int __initdata bar; int get_bar(void) { return bar; } With this commit applied, modpost will show the following messages for ARM versatile_defconfig: WARNING: modpost: vmlinux.o: section mismatch in reference: get_foo (section: .text) -> foo (section: .init.data) WARNING: modpost: vmlinux.o: section mismatch in reference: get_bar (section: .text) -> foo (section: .init.data) The reference from 'get_bar' to 'foo' seems wrong. I have no solution for this because it is true in assembly level. In the following output, relocation at 0x1c is no longer associated with 'bar'. The two relocation entries point to the same symbol, and the offset to 'bar' is encoded in the instruction 'r0, [r3, #4]'. Disassembly of section .text: 00000000 <get_foo>: 0: e59f3004 ldr r3, [pc, #4] @ c <get_foo+0xc> 4: e5930000 ldr r0, [r3] 8: e12fff1e bx lr c: 00000000 .word 0x00000000 00000010 <get_bar>: 10: e59f3004 ldr r3, [pc, #4] @ 1c <get_bar+0xc> 14: e5930004 ldr r0, [r3, #4] 18: e12fff1e bx lr 1c: 00000000 .word 0x00000000 Relocation section '.rel.text' at offset 0x244 contains 2 entries: Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name 0000000c 00000c02 R_ARM_ABS32 00000000 .init.data 0000001c 00000c02 R_ARM_ABS32 00000000 .init.data When find_elf_symbol() gets into a situation where relsym->st_name is zero, there is no guarantee to get the symbol name as written in C. I am keeping the current logic because it is useful in many architectures, but the symbol name is not always correct depending on the optimization. I left some comments in find_tosym(). Fixes: 56a974fa2d59 ("kbuild: make better section mismatch reports on arm") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-07-27scripts/tags.sh: Resolve gtags empty index generationAhmed S. Darwish1-1/+8
commit e1b37563caffc410bb4b55f153ccb14dede66815 upstream. gtags considers any file outside of its current working directory "outside the source tree" and refuses to index it. For O= kernel builds, or when "make" is invoked from a directory other then the kernel source tree, gtags ignores the entire kernel source and generates an empty index. Force-set gtags current working directory to the kernel source tree. Due to commit 9da0763bdd82 ("kbuild: Use relative path when building in a subdir of the source tree"), if the kernel build is done in a sub-directory of the kernel source tree, the kernel Makefile will set the kernel's $srctree to ".." for shorter compile-time and run-time warnings. Consequently, the list of files to be indexed will be in the "../*" form, rendering all such paths invalid once gtags switches to the kernel source tree as its current working directory. If gtags indexing is requested and the build directory is not the kernel source tree, index all files in absolute-path form. Note, indexing in absolute-path form will not affect the generated index, as paths in gtags indices are always relative to the gtags "root directory" anyway (as evidenced by "gtags --dump"). Signed-off-by: Ahmed S. Darwish <darwi@linutronix.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-05-30recordmcount: Fix memory leaks in the uwrite functionHao Zeng1-1/+5
[ Upstream commit fa359d068574d29e7d2f0fdd0ebe4c6a12b5cfb9 ] Common realloc mistake: 'file_append' nulled but not freed upon failure Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230426010527.703093-1-zenghao@kylinos.cn Signed-off-by: Hao Zeng <zenghao@kylinos.cn> Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-17scripts/gdb: fix lx-timerlist for Python3Peng Liu2-2/+7
commit 7362042f3556528e9e9b1eb5ce8d7a3a6331476b upstream. Below incompatibilities between Python2 and Python3 made lx-timerlist fail to run under Python3. o xrange() is replaced by range() in Python3 o bytes and str are different types in Python3 o the return value of Inferior.read_memory() is memoryview object in Python3 akpm: cc stable so that older kernels are properly debuggable under newer Python. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/TYCP286MB2146EE1180A4D5176CBA8AB2C6819@TYCP286MB2146.JPNP286.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM Signed-off-by: Peng Liu <liupeng17@lenovo.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com> Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-05-17scripts/gdb: bail early if there are no generic PDFlorian Fainelli1-1/+3
[ Upstream commit f19c3c2959e465209ade1a7a699e6cbf4359ce78 ] Avoid generating an exception if there are no generic power domain(s) registered: (gdb) lx-genpd-summary domain status children /device runtime status ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Python Exception <class 'gdb.error'>: No symbol "gpd_list" in current context. Error occurred in Python: No symbol "gpd_list" in current context. (gdb) quit [f.fainelli@gmail.com: correctly invoke gdb_eval_or_none] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230327185746.3856407-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230323231659.3319941-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com Fixes: 8207d4a88e1e ("scripts/gdb: add lx-genpd-summary command") Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com> Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org> Cc: Leonard Crestez <leonard.crestez@nxp.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-17PM: domains: Fix up terminology with parent/childKees Cook1-6/+6
[ Upstream commit 8d87ae48ced2dffd5e7247d19eb4c88be6f1c6f1 ] The genpd infrastructure uses the terms master/slave, but such uses have no external exposures (not even in Documentation/driver-api/pm/*) and are not mandated by nor associated with any external specifications. Change the language used through-out to parent/child. There was one possible exception in the debugfs node "pm_genpd/pm_genpd_summary" but its path has no hits outside of the kernel itself when performing a code search[1], and it seems even this single usage has been non-functional since it was introduced due to a typo in the Python ("apend" instead of correct "append"). Fix the typo while we're at it. Link: https://codesearch.debian.net/ # [1] Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Stable-dep-of: f19c3c2959e4 ("scripts/gdb: bail early if there are no generic PD") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-05-17scripts/gdb: bail early if there are no clocksFlorian Fainelli1-0/+2
[ Upstream commit 1d7adbc74c009057ed9dc3112f388e91a9c79acc ] Avoid generating an exception if there are no clocks registered: (gdb) lx-clk-summary enable prepare protect clock count count count rate ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Python Exception <class 'gdb.error'>: No symbol "clk_root_list" in current context. Error occurred in Python: No symbol "clk_root_list" in current context. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230323225246.3302977-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com Fixes: d1e9710b63d8 ("scripts/gdb: initial clk support: lx-clk-summary") Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com> Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org> Cc: Leonard Crestez <leonard.crestez@nxp.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-26ASN.1: Fix check for strdup() successEkaterina Orlova1-1/+1
commit 5a43001c01691dcbd396541e6faa2c0077378f48 upstream. It seems there is a misprint in the check of strdup() return code that can