Merge branch 'for-next' into for-linus

52 files changed, 1160 insertions, 386 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst b/Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst
index 392875a1b94e..72f97d4b01a7 100644
--- a/Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst
@@ -2234,6 +2234,19 @@ use_vmalloc
     buffers.  If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
     option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
     instead.
+delayed_register
+    The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
+    defined in multiple USB interfaces.  The driver may invoke
+    registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
+    lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
+    This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
+    ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
+    registration to the given device.  In this example, when a USB
+    device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
+    until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
+    The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
+    assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
+    notice the need.
 
 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
 
diff --git a/include/linux/usb/audio-v2.h b/include/linux/usb/audio-v2.h
index ba4b3e3327ff..cb9900b34b67 100644
--- a/include/linux/usb/audio-v2.h
+++ b/include/linux/usb/audio-v2.h
@@ -156,6 +156,18 @@ struct uac2_feature_unit_descriptor {
 	__u8 bmaControls[0]; /* variable length */
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
+/* 4.7.2.10 Effect Unit Descriptor */
+
+struct uac2_effect_unit_descriptor {
+	__u8 bLength;
+	__u8 bDescriptorType;
+	__u8 bDescriptorSubtype;
+	__u8 bUnitID;
+	__le16 wEffectType;
+	__u8 bSourceID;
+	__u8 bmaControls[]; /* variable length */
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
 /* 4.9.2 Class-Specific AS Interface Descriptor */
 
 struct uac2_as_header_descriptor {
diff --git a/include/sound/core.h b/include/sound/core.h
index ac8b692b69b4..381a010a1bd4 100644
--- a/include/sound/core.h
+++ b/include/sound/core.h
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ void snd_device_disconnect(struct snd_card *card, void *device_data);
 void snd_device_disconnect_all(struct snd_card *card);
 void snd_device_free(struct snd_card *card, void *device_data);
 void snd_device_free_all(struct snd_card *card);
+int snd_device_get_state(struct snd_card *card, void *device_data);
 
 /* isadma.c */
 
diff --git a/include/sound/pcm.h b/include/sound/pcm.h
index f657ff08f317..31a4b300e4c9 100644
--- a/include/sound/pcm.h
+++ b/include/sound/pcm.h
@@ -1415,6 +1415,15 @@ static inline u64 pcm_format_to_bits(snd_pcm_format_t pcm_format)
 	return 1ULL << (__force int) pcm_format;
 }
 
+/**
+ * pcm_for_each_format - helper to iterate for each format type
+ * @f: the iterator variable in snd_pcm_format_t type
+ */
+#define pcm_for_each_format(f)						\
+	for ((f) = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FIRST;				\
+	     (__force int)(f) <= (__force int)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST;	\
+	     (f) = (__force snd_pcm_format_t)((__force int)(f) + 1))
+
 /* printk helpers */
 #define pcm_err(pcm, fmt, args...) \
 	dev_err((pcm)->card->dev, fmt, ##args)
diff --git a/include/sound/pcm_params.h b/include/sound/pcm_params.h
index 661450a2095b..36f94735d23d 100644
--- a/include/sound/pcm_params.h
+++ b/include/sound/pcm_params.h
@@ -133,6 +133,13 @@ static inline int snd_mask_test(const struct snd_mask *mask, unsigned int val)
 	return mask->bits[MASK_OFS(val)] & MASK_BIT(val);
 }
 
+/* Most of drivers need only this one */
+static inline int snd_mask_test_format(const struct snd_mask *mask,
+				       snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	return snd_mask_test(mask, (__force unsigned int)format);
+}
+
 static inline int snd_mask_single(const struct snd_mask *mask)
 {
 	int i, c = 0;
diff --git a/sound/core/device.c b/sound/core/device.c
index cdc5af526739..bf0b04a7ee79 100644
--- a/sound/core/device.c
+++ b/sound/core/device.c
@@ -237,3 +237,24 @@ void snd_device_free_all(struct snd_card *card)
 	list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(dev, next, &card->devices, list)
 		__snd_device_free(dev);
 }
+
+/**
+ * snd_device_get_state - Get the current state of the given device
+ * @card: the card instance
+ * @device_data: the data pointer to release
+ *
+ * Returns the current state of the given device object.  For the valid
+ * device, either @SNDRV_DEV_BUILD, @SNDRV_DEV_REGISTERED or
+ * @SNDRV_DEV_DISCONNECTED is returned.
+ * Or for a non-existing device, -1 is returned as an error.
+ */
+int snd_device_get_state(struct snd_card *card, void *device_data)
+{
+	struct snd_device *dev;
+
+	dev = look_for_dev(card, device_data);
+	if (dev)
+		return dev->state;
+	return -1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_device_get_state);
diff --git a/sound/core/info.c b/sound/core/info.c
index ca87ae4c30ba..8c6bc5241df5 100644
--- a/sound/core/info.c
+++ b/sound/core/info.c
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ int snd_info_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
  */
 int snd_info_get_line(struct snd_info_buffer *buffer, char *line, int len)
 {
-	int c = -1;
+	int c;
 
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!buffer || !buffer->buffer))
 		return 1;
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
index 13db77771f0f..930def8201f4 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
@@ -884,20 +884,17 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_change_params_locked(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		sformat = snd_pcm_plug_slave_format(format, sformat_mask);
 
 	if ((__force int)sformat < 0 ||
-	    !snd_mask_test(sformat_mask, (__force int)sformat)) {
-		for (sformat = (__force snd_pcm_format_t)0;
-		     (__force int)sformat <= (__force int)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST;
-		     sformat = (__force snd_pcm_format_t)((__force int)sformat + 1)) {
-			if (snd_mask_test(sformat_mask, (__force int)sformat) &&
+	    !snd_mask_test_format(sformat_mask, sformat)) {
+		pcm_for_each_format(sformat) {
+			if (snd_mask_test_format(sformat_mask, sformat) &&
 			    snd_pcm_oss_format_to(sformat) >= 0)
-				break;
-		}
-		if ((__force int)sformat > (__force int)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST) {
-			pcm_dbg(substream->pcm, "Cannot find a format!!!\n");
-			err = -EINVAL;
-			goto failure;
+				goto format_found;
 		}
+		pcm_dbg(substream->pcm, "Cannot find a format!!!\n");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto failure;
 	}
+ format_found:
 	err = _snd_pcm_hw_param_set(sparams, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, (__force int)sformat, 0);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto failure;
@@ -1220,8 +1217,10 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_write3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, const
 			if (ret < 0)
 				break;
 		}
+		mutex_unlock(&runtime->oss.params_lock);
 		ret = __snd_pcm_lib_xfer(substream, (void *)ptr, true,
 					 frames, in_kernel);
+		mutex_lock(&runtime->oss.params_lock);
 		if (ret != -EPIPE && ret != -ESTRPIPE)
 			break;
 		/* test, if we can't store new data, because the stream */
@@ -1257,8 +1256,10 @@ snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_oss_read3(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, char *p
 		ret = snd_pcm_oss_capture_position_fixup(substream, &delay);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			break;
+		mutex_unlock(&runtime->oss.params_lock);
 		ret = __snd_pcm_lib_xfer(substream, (void *)ptr, true,
 					 frames, in_kernel);
+		mutex_lock(&runtime->oss.params_lock);
 		if (ret == -EPIPE) {
 			if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
 				ret = snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DROP, NULL);
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.c
index 752d078908e9..fbda4ebf38b3 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.c
@@ -196,82 +196,74 @@ int snd_pcm_plugin_free(struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_plug_client_size(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug, snd_pcm_uframes_t drv_frames)
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t calc_dst_frames(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug,
+					 snd_pcm_sframes_t frames)
 {
-	struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin, *plugin_prev, *plugin_next;
-	int stream;
+	struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin, *plugin_next;
 
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!plug))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	if (drv_frames == 0)
-		return 0;
-	stream = snd_pcm_plug_stream(plug);
-	if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-		plugin = snd_pcm_plug_last(plug);
-		while (plugin && drv_frames > 0) {
-			if (drv_frames > plugin->buf_frames)
-				drv_frames = plugin->buf_frames;
-			plugin_prev = plugin->prev;
-			if (plugin->src_frames)
-				drv_frames = plugin->src_frames(plugin, drv_frames);
-			plugin = plugin_prev;
+	plugin = snd_pcm_plug_first(plug);
+	while (plugin && frames > 0) {
+		plugin_next = plugin->next;
+		if (plugin->dst_frames) {
+			frames = plugin->dst_frames(plugin, frames);
+			if (frames < 0)
+				return frames;
 		}
-	} else if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE) {
-		plugin = snd_pcm_plug_first(plug);
-		while (plugin && drv_frames > 0) {
-			plugin_next = plugin->next;
-			if (plugin->dst_frames)
-				drv_frames = plugin->dst_frames(plugin, drv_frames);
-			if (drv_frames > plugin->buf_frames)
-				drv_frames = plugin->buf_frames;
-			plugin = plugin_next;
+		if (frames > plugin->buf_frames)
+			frames = plugin->buf_frames;
+		plugin = plugin_next;
+	}
+	return frames;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t calc_src_frames(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug,
+					 snd_pcm_sframes_t frames)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin, *plugin_prev;
+
+	plugin = snd_pcm_plug_last(plug);
+	while (plugin && frames > 0) {
+		if (frames > plugin->buf_frames)
+			frames = plugin->buf_frames;
+		plugin_prev = plugin->prev;
+		if (plugin->src_frames) {
+			frames = plugin->src_frames(plugin, frames);
+			if (frames < 0)
+				return frames;
 		}
-	} else
+		plugin = plugin_prev;
+	}
+	return frames;
+}
+
+snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_plug_client_size(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug, snd_pcm_uframes_t drv_frames)
+{
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!plug))
+		return -ENXIO;
+	switch (snd_pcm_plug_stream(plug)) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
+		return calc_src_frames(plug, drv_frames);
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
+		return calc_dst_frames(plug, drv_frames);
+	default:
 		snd_BUG();
-	return drv_frames;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 }
 
 snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_plug_slave_size(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug, snd_pcm_uframes_t clt_frames)
 {
-	struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin, *plugin_prev, *plugin_next;
-	snd_pcm_sframes_t frames;
-	int stream;
-	
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!plug))
 		return -ENXIO;
-	if (clt_frames == 0)
-		return 0;
-	frames = clt_frames;
-	stream = snd_pcm_plug_stream(plug);
-	if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-		plugin = snd_pcm_plug_first(plug);
-		while (plugin && frames > 0) {
-			plugin_next = plugin->next;
-			if (plugin->dst_frames) {
-				frames = plugin->dst_frames(plugin, frames);
-				if (frames < 0)
-					return frames;
-			}
-			if (frames > plugin->buf_frames)
-				frames = plugin->buf_frames;
-			plugin = plugin_next;
-		}
-	} else if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE) {
-		plugin = snd_pcm_plug_last(plug);
-		while (plugin) {
-			if (frames > plugin->buf_frames)
-				frames = plugin->buf_frames;
-			plugin_prev = plugin->prev;
-			if (plugin->src_frames) {
-				frames = plugin->src_frames(plugin, frames);
-				if (frames < 0)
-					return frames;
-			}
-			plugin = plugin_prev;
-		}
-	} else
+	switch (snd_pcm_plug_stream(plug)) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
+		return calc_dst_frames(plug, clt_frames);
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
+		return calc_src_frames(plug, clt_frames);
+	default:
 		snd_BUG();
-	return frames;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 }
 
 static int snd_pcm_plug_formats(const struct snd_mask *mask,
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/rate.c b/sound/core/oss/rate.c
index 7cd09cef6961..d381f4c967c9 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/rate.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/rate.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct rate_priv {
 	unsigned int pos;
 	rate_f func;
 	snd_pcm_sframes_t old_src_frames, old_dst_frames;
-	struct rate_channel channels[0];
+	struct rate_channel channels[];
 };
 
 static void rate_init(struct snd_pcm_plugin *plugin)
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index a141a301369f..b6d2331a82f7 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ static ssize_t show_pcm_class(struct device *dev,
 		str = "none";
 	else
 		str = strs[pcm->dev_class];
-        return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", str);
+	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", str);
 }
 
 static DEVICE_ATTR(pcm_class, 0444, show_pcm_class, NULL);
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_dmaengine.c b/sound/core/pcm_dmaengine.c
index 5749a8a49784..b37c70864b57 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_dmaengine.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_dmaengine.c
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ int snd_dmaengine_pcm_refine_runtime_hwparams(
 		 * default assumption is that it supports 1, 2 and 4 bytes
 		 * widths.
 		 */
-		for (i = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FIRST; i <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; i++) {
+		pcm_for_each_format(i) {
 			int bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(i);
 
 			/*
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_misc.c b/sound/core/pcm_misc.c
index a6a541511534..cf3e8c26e00a 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_misc.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_misc.c
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ struct pcm_format_data {
 /* we do lots of calculations on snd_pcm_format_t; shut up sparse */
 #define INT	__force int
 
+static bool valid_format(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	return (INT)format >= 0 && (INT)format <= (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST;
+}
+
 static const struct pcm_format_data pcm_formats[(INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST+1] = {
 	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8] = {
 		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = 1,
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@ static const struct pcm_format_data pcm_formats[(INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST+1] =
 int snd_pcm_format_signed(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
 	int val;
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if ((val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].signd) < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -307,7 +312,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_linear);
 int snd_pcm_format_little_endian(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
 	int val;
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if ((val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].le) < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -343,7 +348,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_big_endian);
 int snd_pcm_format_width(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
 	int val;
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if ((val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].width) == 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -361,7 +366,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_width);
 int snd_pcm_format_physical_width(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
 	int val;
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if ((val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].phys) == 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -394,7 +399,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_size);
  */
 const unsigned char *snd_pcm_format_silence_64(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return NULL;
 	if (! pcm_formats[(INT)format].phys)
 		return NULL;
@@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ int snd_pcm_format_set_silence(snd_pcm_format_t format, void *data, unsigned int
 	unsigned char *dst;
 	const unsigned char *pat;
 
-	if ((INT)format < 0 || (INT)format > (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
+	if (!valid_format(format))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (samples == 0)
 		return 0;
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
index d5443eeb8b63..8e1060b084f1 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_native.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
@@ -228,6 +228,9 @@ int snd_pcm_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	return err;
 }
 
+/* macro for simplified cast */
+#define PARAM_MASK_BIT(b)	(1U << (__force int)(b))
+
 static bool hw_support_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	if (!(substream->runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP))
@@ -257,7 +260,7 @@ static int constrain_mask_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			return -EINVAL;
 
 		/* This parameter is not requested to change by a caller. */
-		if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
+		if (!(params->rmask & PARAM_MASK_BIT(k)))
 			continue;
 
 		if (trace_hw_mask_param_enabled())
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@ static int constrain_mask_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 		/* Set corresponding flag so that the caller gets it. */
 		trace_hw_mask_param(substream, k, 0, &old_mask, m);
-		params->cmask |= 1 << k;
+		params->cmask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(k);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -293,7 +296,7 @@ static int constrain_interval_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			return -EINVAL;
 
 		/* This parameter is not requested to change by a caller. */
-		if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
+		if (!(params->rmask & PARAM_MASK_BIT(k)))
 			continue;
 
 		if (trace_hw_interval_param_enabled())
@@ -307,7 +310,7 @@ static int constrain_interval_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 		/* Set corresponding flag so that the caller gets it. */
 		trace_hw_interval_param(substream, k, 0, &old_interval, i);
-		params->cmask |= 1 << k;
+		params->cmask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(k);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ static int constrain_params_by_rules(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	 * have 0 so that the parameters are never changed anymore.
 	 */
 	for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++)
-		vstamps[k] = (params->rmask & (1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
+		vstamps[k] = (params->rmask & PARAM_MASK_BIT(k)) ? 1 : 0;
 
 	/* Due to the above design, actual sequence number starts at 2. */
 	stamp = 2;
@@ -417,7 +420,7 @@ retry:
 					hw_param_interval(params, r->var));
 			}
 
-			params->cmask |= (1 << r->var);
+			params->cmask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(r->var);
 			vstamps[r->var] = stamp;
 			again = true;
 		}
@@ -486,9 +489,9 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 	params->info = 0;
 	params->fifo_size = 0;
-	if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS))
+	if (params->rmask & PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS))
 		params->msbits = 0;
-	if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE)) {
+	if (params->rmask & PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE)) {
 		params->rate_num = 0;
 		params->rate_den = 0;
 	}
@@ -2293,21 +2296,21 @@ static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
 static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
 				  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
 {
-	unsigned int k;
+	snd_pcm_format_t k;
 	const struct snd_interval *i =
 				hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]);
 	struct snd_mask m;
 	struct snd_mask *mask = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
 	snd_mask_any(&m);
-	for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
+	pcm_for_each_format(k) {
 		int bits;
-		if (! snd_mask_test(mask, k))
+		if (!snd_mask_test_format(mask, k))
 			continue;
 		bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
 		if (bits <= 0)
 			continue; /* ignore invalid formats */
 		if ((unsigned)bits < i->min || (unsigned)bits > i->max)
-			snd_mask_reset(&m, k);
+			snd_mask_reset(&m, (__force unsigned)k);
 	}
 	return snd_mask_refine(mask, &m);
 }
@@ -2316,14 +2319,15 @@ static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_sample_bits(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
 				       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
 {
 	struct snd_interval t;
-	unsigned int k;
+	snd_pcm_format_t k;
+
 	t.min = UINT_MAX;
 	t.max = 0;
 	t.openmin = 0;
 	t.openmax = 0;
-	for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
+	pcm_for_each_format(k) {
 		int bits;
-		if (! snd_mask_test(hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT), k))
+		if (!snd_mask_test_format(hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT), k))
 			continue;
 		bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
 		if (bits <= 0)
@@ -2505,16 +2509,16 @@ static int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	unsigned int mask = 0;
 
         if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
-		mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED;
+		mask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
         if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
-		mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED;
+		mask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED);
 	if (hw_support_mmap(substream)) {
 		if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
-			mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
+			mask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED);
 		if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
-			mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED;
+			mask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED);
 		if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_COMPLEX)
-			mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX;
+			mask |= PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX);
 	}
 	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS, mask);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -2524,7 +2528,8 @@ static int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT, 1 << SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD);
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT,
+					 PARAM_MASK_BIT(SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD));
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
diff --git a/sound/drivers/aloop.c b/sound/drivers/aloop.c
index d78a27271d6d..251eaf1152e2 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/aloop.c
+++ b/