Merge branch 'linus' into core/urgent

49 files changed, 1257 insertions, 1475 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index be39cd1c74cf..d897278b1f97 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ depfile = $(subst $(comma),_,$(dot-target).d)
 basetarget = $(basename $(notdir $@))
 
 ###
+# filename of first prerequisite with directory and extension stripped
+baseprereq = $(basename $(notdir $<))
+
+###
 # Escape single quote for use in echo statements
 escsq = $(subst $(squote),'\$(squote)',$1)
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
index 93b2b5938a2e..aeea84a24836 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
@@ -160,13 +160,51 @@ ld_flags       = $(LDFLAGS) $(ldflags-y)
 modname-multi = $(sort $(foreach m,$(multi-used),\
 		$(if $(filter $(subst $(obj)/,,$*.o), $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))),$(m:.o=))))
 
+ifdef REGENERATE_PARSERS
+
+# GPERF
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+quiet_cmd_gperf = GPERF $@
+      cmd_gperf = gperf -t --output-file $@ -a -C -E -g -k 1,3,$$ -p -t $<
+
+$(src)/%.hash.c_shipped: $(src)/%.gperf
+	$(call cmd,gperf)
+
+# LEX
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+LEX_PREFIX = $(if $(LEX_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),$(LEX_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),yy)
+
+quiet_cmd_flex = LEX     $@
+      cmd_flex = flex -o$@ -L -P $(LEX_PREFIX) $<
+
+$(src)/%.lex.c_shipped: $(src)/%.l
+	$(call cmd,flex)
+
+# YACC
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+YACC_PREFIX = $(if $(YACC_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),$(YACC_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),yy)
+
+quiet_cmd_bison = YACC    $@
+      cmd_bison = bison -o$@ -t -l -p $(YACC_PREFIX) $<
+
+$(src)/%.tab.c_shipped: $(src)/%.y
+	$(call cmd,bison)
+
+quiet_cmd_bison_h = YACC    $@
+      cmd_bison_h = bison -o/dev/null --defines=$@ -t -l -p $(YACC_PREFIX) $<
+
+$(src)/%.tab.h_shipped: $(src)/%.y
+	$(call cmd,bison_h)
+
+endif
+
 # Shipped files
 # ===========================================================================
 
 quiet_cmd_shipped = SHIPPED $@
 cmd_shipped = cat $< > $@
 
-$(obj)/%:: $(src)/%_shipped
+$(obj)/%: $(src)/%_shipped
 	$(call cmd,shipped)
 
 # Commands useful for building a boot image
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
index 56dfafc73c1a..08dce14f2dc8 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 # Step 3 is used to place certain information in the module's ELF
 # section, including information such as:
-#   Version magic (see include/vermagic.h for full details)
+#   Version magic (see include/linux/vermagic.h for full details)
 #     - Kernel release
 #     - SMP is CONFIG_SMP
 #     - PREEMPT is CONFIG_PREEMPT
diff --git a/scripts/bootgraph.pl b/scripts/bootgraph.pl
index 12caa822a232..b78fca994a15 100644
--- a/scripts/bootgraph.pl
+++ b/scripts/bootgraph.pl
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ my %end;
 my %type;
 my $done = 0;
 my $maxtime = 0;
-my $firsttime = 100;
+my $firsttime = 99999;
 my $count = 0;
 my %pids;
 my %pidctr;
diff --git a/scripts/checkpatch.pl b/scripts/checkpatch.pl
index b0aa2c680593..9d761c95eca2 100755
--- a/scripts/checkpatch.pl
+++ b/scripts/checkpatch.pl
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use strict;
 my $P = $0;
 $P =~ s@.*/@@g;
 
-my $V = '0.31';
+my $V = '0.32';
 
 use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
 
@@ -26,9 +26,13 @@ my $check = 0;
 my $summary = 1;
 my $mailback = 0;
 my $summary_file = 0;
+my $show_types = 0;
 my $root;
 my %debug;
+my %ignore_type = ();
+my @ignore = ();
 my $help = 0;
+my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
 
 sub help {
 	my ($exitcode) = @_;
@@ -46,6 +50,8 @@ Options:
   --terse                    one line per report
   -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
   --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
+  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
+  --show-types               show the message "types" in the output
   --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
   --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
   --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
@@ -63,6 +69,32 @@ EOM
 	exit($exitcode);
 }
 
+my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
+if (-f $conf) {
+	my @conf_args;
+	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
+	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
+
+	while (<$conffile>) {
+		my $line = $_;
+
+		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+		my @words = split(" ", $line);
+		foreach my $word (@words) {
+			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
+			push (@conf_args, $word);
+		}
+	}
+	close($conffile);
+	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
+}
+
 GetOptions(
 	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
 	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
@@ -73,6 +105,8 @@ GetOptions(
 	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
 	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
 	'strict!'	=> \$check,
+	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
+	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
 	'root=s'	=> \$root,
 	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
 	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
@@ -93,6 +127,19 @@ if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 	exit(1);
 }
 
+@ignore = split(/,/, join(',',@ignore));
+foreach my $word (@ignore) {
+	$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+	$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
+	$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+	$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
+
+	next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
+	next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+	$ignore_type{$word}++;
+}
+
 my $dbg_values = 0;
 my $dbg_possible = 0;
 my $dbg_type = 0;
@@ -145,7 +192,8 @@ our $Sparse	= qr{
 			__must_check|
 			__init_refok|
 			__kprobes|
-			__ref
+			__ref|
+			__rcu
 		}x;
 
 # Notes to $Attribute:
@@ -209,13 +257,23 @@ our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 )};
 
 our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
-	printk|
-	[a-z]+_(emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)|
-	WARN|
+	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
+	[a-z0-9]+_(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
+	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
 	panic|
 	MODULE_[A-Z_]+
 )};
 
+our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
+	Signed-off-by:|
+	Acked-by:|
+	Tested-by:|
+	Reviewed-by:|
+	Reported-by:|
+	To:|
+	Cc:
+)};
+
 our @typeList = (
 	qr{void},
 	qr{(?:unsigned\s+)?char},
@@ -268,6 +326,20 @@ sub build_types {
 }
 build_types();
 
+our $match_balanced_parentheses = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]+|(-1))*\))/;
+
+our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
+our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{($Lval)\s*($match_balanced_parentheses{0,1})\s*};
+
+sub deparenthesize {
+	my ($string) = @_;
+	return "" if (!defined($string));
+	$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@g;
+	$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@g;
+	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
+	return $string;
+}
+
 $chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
 
 my @dep_includes = ();
@@ -339,6 +411,88 @@ sub top_of_kernel_tree {
 		}
 	}
 	return 1;
+    }
+
+sub parse_email {
+	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
+
+	my $name = "";
+	my $address = "";
+	my $comment = "";
+
+	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
+		$name = $1;
+		$address = $2;
+		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
+	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
+		$address = $1;
+		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
+	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
+		$address = $1;
+		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
+		$formatted_email =~ s/$address.*$//;
+		$name = $formatted_email;
+		$name =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
+		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
+		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
+		# is invalid. ie:
+		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
+		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
+		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
+			$name = "";
+			$address = "";
+			$comment = "";
+		}
+	}
+
+	$name =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+	$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+	$address =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
+
+	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
+		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
+		$name = "\"$name\"";
+	}
+
+	return ($name, $address, $comment);
+}
+
+sub format_email {
+	my ($name, $address) = @_;
+
+	my $formatted_email;
+
+	$name =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+	$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+	$address =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+
+	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
+		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
+		$name = "\"$name\"";
+	}
+
+	if ("$name" eq "") {
+		$formatted_email = "$address";
+	} else {
+		$formatted_email = "$name <$address>";
+	}
+
+	return $formatted_email;
+}
+
+sub which_conf {
+	my ($conf) = @_;
+
+	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
+		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
+			return "$path/$conf";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "";
 }
 
 sub expand_tabs {
@@ -1086,12 +1240,21 @@ sub possible {
 
 my $prefix = '';
 
+sub show_type {
+       return !defined $ignore_type{$_[0]};
+}
+
 sub report {
-	if (defined $tst_only && $_[0] !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/) {
+	if (!show_type($_[1]) ||
+	    (defined $tst_only && $_[2] !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
 		return 0;
 	}
-	my $line = $prefix . $_[0];
-
+	my $line;
+	if ($show_types) {
+		$line = "$prefix$_[0]:$_[1]: $_[2]\n";
+	} else {
+		$line = "$prefix$_[0]: $_[2]\n";
+	}
 	$line = (split('\n', $line))[0] . "\n" if ($terse);
 
 	push(our @report, $line);
@@ -1101,20 +1264,21 @@ sub report {
 sub report_dump {
 	our @report;
 }
+
 sub ERROR {
-	if (report("ERROR: $_[0]\n")) {
+	if (report("ERROR", $_[0], $_[1])) {
 		our $clean = 0;
 		our $cnt_error++;
 	}
 }
 sub WARN {
-	if (report("WARNING: $_[0]\n")) {
+	if (report("WARNING", $_[0], $_[1])) {
 		our $clean = 0;
 		our $cnt_warn++;
 	}
 }
 sub CHK {
-	if ($check && report("CHECK: $_[0]\n")) {
+	if ($check && report("CHECK", $_[0], $_[1])) {
 		our $clean = 0;
 		our $cnt_chk++;
 	}
@@ -1143,7 +1307,8 @@ sub check_absolute_file {
 
 	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
 	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
-		WARN("use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
+		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
+		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1340,11 +1505,13 @@ sub process {
 			$p1_prefix = $1;
 			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
 			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
-				WARN("patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
+				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
+				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
 			}
 
 			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
-				ERROR("do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
+				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
+				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
 			}
 			next;
 		}
@@ -1361,27 +1528,61 @@ sub process {
 		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
 			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
 			if ($realfile =~ /(Makefile|Kconfig|\.c|\.h|\.S|\.tmpl)$/) {
-				ERROR("do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
+				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
+				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
 			}
 		}
 
-#check the patch for a signoff:
+# Check the patch for a signoff:
 		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) {
-			# This is a signoff, if ugly, so do not double report.
 			$signoff++;
-			if (!($line =~ /^\s*Signed-off-by:/)) {
-				WARN("Signed-off-by: is the preferred form\n" .
-					$herecurr);
+		}
+
+# Check signature styles
+		if ($line =~ /^(\s*)($signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/) {
+			my $space_before = $1;
+			my $sign_off = $2;
+			my $space_after = $3;
+			my $email = $4;
+			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
+
+			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
+				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				     "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
 			}
-			if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\S/i) {
-				WARN("space required after Signed-off-by:\n" .
-					$herecurr);
+			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
+				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				     "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
+				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				     "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
+			}
+
+			my ($email_name, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
+			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $email_address));
+			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
+				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
+			} else {
+				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
+				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
+				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
+				# Don't force email to have quotes
+				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
+				if ("$dequoted$comment" ne $email &&
+				    "<$email_address>$comment" ne $email &&
+				    "$suggested_email$comment" ne $email) {
+					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
+					     "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email$comment'\n" . $herecurr);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 # Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
 		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
-			ERROR("patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
+			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
+			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
 				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
 		}
 
@@ -1408,7 +1609,8 @@ sub process {
 			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
 			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
 
-			ERROR("Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
+			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
+			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
 		}
 
 # ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
@@ -1417,11 +1619,13 @@ sub process {
 #trailing whitespace
 		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
-			ERROR("DOS line endings\n" . $herevet);
+			ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
+			      "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet);
 
 		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
-			ERROR("trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet);
+			ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
+			      "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet);
 			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
 		}
 
@@ -1452,7 +1656,8 @@ sub process {
 				}
 				$length++;
 			}
-			WARN("please write a paragraph that describes the config symbol fully\n" . $herecurr) if ($is_end && $length < 4);
+			WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
+			     "please write a paragraph that describes the config symbol fully\n" . $herecurr) if ($is_end && $length < 4);
 			#print "is_end<$is_end> length<$length>\n";
 		}
 
@@ -1466,28 +1671,33 @@ sub process {
 		    $line =~ /^\+\s*"[^"]*"\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/) &&
 		    $length > 80)
 		{
-			WARN("line over 80 characters\n" . $herecurr);
+			WARN("LONG_LINE",
+			     "line over 80 characters\n" . $herecurr);
 		}
 
 # check for spaces before a quoted newline
 		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
-			WARN("unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr);
+			WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
+			     "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr);
 		}
 
 # check for adding lines without a newline.
 		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
-			WARN("adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr);
+			WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
+			     "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr);
 		}
 
 # Blackfin: use hi/lo macros
 		if ($realfile =~ m@arch/blackfin/.*\.S$@) {
 			if ($line =~ /\.[lL][[:space:]]*=.*&[[:space:]]*0x[fF][fF][fF][fF]/) {
 				my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($line) . "\n";
-				ERROR("use the LO() macro, not (... & 0xFFFF)\n" . $herevet);
+				ERROR("LO_MACRO",
+				      "use the LO() macro, not (... & 0xFFFF)\n" . $herevet);
 			}
 			if ($line =~ /\.[hH][[:space:]]*=.*>>[[:space:]]*16/) {
 				my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($line) . "\n";
-				ERROR("use the HI() macro, not (... >> 16)\n" . $herevet);
+				ERROR("HI_MACRO",
+				      "use the HI() macro, not (... >> 16)\n" . $herevet);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1499,14 +1709,16 @@ sub process {
 		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
 		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
-			ERROR("code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet);
+			ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
+			      "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet);
 			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
 		}
 
 # check for space before tabs.
 		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
-			WARN("please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet);
+			WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
+			     "please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet);
 		}
 
 # check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
@@ -1516,7 +1728,8 @@ sub process {
 #  3) hanging labels
 		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
-			WARN("please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet);
+			WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
+			     "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet);
 		}
 
 # check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
@@ -1524,17 +1737,20 @@ sub process {
 
 # check for RCS/CVS revision markers
 		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
-			WARN("CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
+			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
+			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
 		}
 
 # Blackfin: don't use __builtin_bfin_[cs]sync
 		if ($line =~ /__builtin_bfin_csync/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($line) . "\n";
-			ERROR("use the CSYNC() macro in asm/blackfin.h\n" . $herevet);
+			ERROR("CSYNC",
+			      "use the CSYNC() macro in asm/blackfin.h\n" . $herevet);
 		}
 		if ($line =~ /__builtin_bfin_ssync/) {
 			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($line) . "\n";
-			ERROR("use the SSYNC() macro in asm/blackfin.h\n" . $herevet);
+			ERROR("SSYNC",
+			      "use the SSYNC() macro in asm/blackfin.h\n" . $herevet);
 		}
 
 # Check for potential 'bare' types
@@ -1623,7 +1839,8 @@ sub process {
 				}
 			}
 			if ($err ne '') {
-				ERROR("switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
+				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
+				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1651,7 +1868,8 @@ sub process {
 			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
 
 			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln -1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
-				ERROR("that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
+				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
+				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
 					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
 			}
 			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
@@ -1660,7 +1878,8 @@ sub process {
 			{
 				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
 				if ($nindent > $indent) {
-					WARN("trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
+					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
+					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
 						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
 				}
 			}
@@ -1748,7 +1967,8 @@ sub process {
 
 			if ($check && (($sindent % 8) != 0 ||
 			    ($sindent <= $indent && $s ne ''))) {
-				WARN("suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
+				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
+				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1771,18 +1991,22 @@ sub process {
 # TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
 		if ($dbg_type) {
 			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
-				ERROR("TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
+				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
+				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
 			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
-				ERROR("TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
+				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
+				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
 			}
 			next;
 		}
 # TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
 		if ($dbg_attr) {
 			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
-				ERROR("TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
+				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
+				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
 			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
-				ERROR("TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
+				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
+				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
 			}
 			next;
 		}
@@ -1790,7 +2014,8 @@ sub process {
 # check for initialis